Friday, September 4, 2020

Intranet and Extranet Essay Example For Students

Intranet and Extranet Essay Teddy Czech 8/27/10 Module 08 Written Assignment Comparing Networks The intranet arrange is an assortment of private systems inside an association. It utilizes arrange advancements as a device to impart between individuals or workgroups. This device is to help improve information sharing inside the business. The intranet organize is totally secure and has no gateways to the outside world. The intranet organize is totally an inward system, which the clients possibly an official group, HR, bookkeeping as well as inside workers. One model for a web arrange originates from the internet browser; â€Å"Google†. Google has an intranet called: â€Å"Moma†. This is for the Google workers to approach certain business related data like for finance, telephone numbers, news, and any contact data. The extranet organize is a PC arrange that permits controlled data to be available from the outside for business or training. Extranets are not open associations a client must login and have security endorsements so as to work effectively. The extranet organize is less secure, however new innovation makes it increasingly secure with new programming and certain firewalls. Clients of the extranet arrange are for organizations to impart data or information to outer clients. A few models are; merchants, providers, clients, or business customers. A case of a business utilizing an extranet organize is â€Å"AFLAC†. This is to oversee, control, and store data which is shared to representatives that are outer. AFLAC utilizes an e-business application called â€Å"Livelink†. This is for representatives to work productive in gathering or sending significant data to their business or customers. The web organize is an overall arrangement of PC organizes that share data, email, visit, and has site pages. It is comprised of thousands of business, scholarly and government systems. Clients of the web are people in general everywhere, workers, organizations everywhere throughout the world to share data. Any organizations utilizing the web will have the option to convey, share important and valuable open data. The organizations will develop and share to clients, organizations, publicize, workers, and people in general everywhere, everywhere throughout the world. I think with respect to maintaining a business it is basic to have and make every one of the three of these systems work in their business. It is significant keep have representatives gather data inside and remotely. Not all business needs an outside system, yet in the event that it came down to I. S division or I. T. division it is very much required. This is so the organization is viewed from outside systems hacking ceaselessly into their business. The web organize is more for the upper administration to gather data to push business forward. These are my assets for the Intranet: http://blogoscoped. com/file/2007-11-28-n25. html â€Å"What the Google Intranet Looks Like† Philipp Lenssen Tony Ruscoe Wednesday, November 28, 2007) http://googlesystem. blogspot. com/2005/12/moma-google-intranet. html MOMA Google intranet ( Alex Chitu, Wednesday, December 14, 2005) These are my assets for the Extranet: http://www. allbusiness. com/innovation/programming administrations applications-data/6530684-1. html â€Å"AFLAC Uses Livelink Enterprise Wide to Drive Collaborative CRM and Improve Efficiencies† (Business Wire, Thursday, November 9 2000) My assets for the Internet: http://www. tbchad. com/bususe. html â€Å"Business Uses of the Internet† ( Terry Brainerd Chadwick, 1997)

Monday, August 24, 2020

Organization of Islamic Conference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Association of Islamic Conference - Essay Example The Organization was set up in Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco, on 12 Rajab 1389H (25 September 1969) when the First gathering of the pioneers of the Islamic world was held in this city in the awaken of the unlawful fire related crime executed on 21 August 1969 by Zionist basics against Al-Aqsa Mosque, in involved Jerusalem. 1 It was positively so as to make sure about the respect, nobility and confidence of the Muslims, to confront this impolite test propelled in the heavenly city of Al-Quds so dear to them and against the Mosque of Al-Aqsa, that the pioneers of the Muslim world, at their Summit in Rabat, held that occasion, which realized consistent overall impugning and reprimand, to think together about their basic reason and assemble the power required to beat their disparities, join together and establish the frameworks of this huge gathering of States, that is, the Organization of the Islamic Conference which they recognized, in outright priority, with freeing Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa from occupation. From that point onward, the gathering of Heads of State and Government comprise the most noteworthy strategy making organ of the OIC. The Summit Conferences empower the pioneer of the Islamic world to intermittently audit the conditions inside the Islamic world just as the whole range of global political improvements from an Islamic viewpoint. Association of the Islamic Conference - OIC A half year after that verifiable gathering, for example in Muharram 1390H (March 1970), the First Islamic Conference of Ministers of Foreign Affairs held in Jeddah set up a changeless General Secretariat, to guarantee an association among Member States and charged it to synchronize their activity. The Conference designated its Secretary General and picked Jeddah as the Headquarters of the Organization, fully expecting the freedom of Jerusalem, which would be the lasting Headquarters.2 Structure of the OIC Four devoted foundations have been set up inside the structure of the OIC, specifically, The Islamic Development Bank; The Islamic Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization; the Islamic States Broadcasting Organization and the International Islamic News Agency. The general secretariat of the OIC has changeless watcher status at the United Nations and keeps up its central command in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The Doha Declaration (November 2000) required a conclusion to the occupation in Palestine and welcomed those part expresses that had customary relations with the State of Israel to shut down all types of standardization with Israel until it legitimately and precisely executes U.N. goals applicable to the issue of Palestine. The Kuala Lumpur Statement on International Terrorism, gave during the phenomenal

Saturday, August 22, 2020

3 Reasons to Ditch Your Novels Prologue

3 Reasons to Ditch Your Novels Prologue 3 Reasons to Ditch Your Novels Prologue 3 Reasons to Ditch Your Novels Prologue By Maeve Maddox The preface is a genuine narrating gadget, yet numerous perusers concede that when they see the word Prologue, they skip on the double to the page that starts with the words Chapter One. In some cases a preamble is the perfect method to introduce data fundamental to the perusers comprehension of the story. Riddle authors, for instance, regularly start with an introduction composed from the executioners perspective, or maybe that of the executioners first casualty. Then again, such a scene can be composed as Chapter One as Martha Grimes does it in The Dirty Duck. Journalists of recorded fiction may wish to give foundation data to situate the peruser in a new period. Authors of imagination or science fiction may compose an introduction to outfit the peruser with new suspicions held by the occupants of the weird world theyre going to enter. Time and again, be that as it may, what a few authors get back to a preface is undigested story, simple scene-setting, or what ought to be Chapter One. Jettison your preface if 1. it appears to be exhausting even to you and you can barely wait to get to Chapter One. 2. its a long account of back story that could all the more successfully be given out in little bits as the story advances. 3. everything it does is make climate without having a lot to do with the story. Rethink that Prologue (Update: interface not, at this point dynamic) Preambles and Epilogs Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Fiction Writing class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictThe Writing Process3 Types of Essays Are Models for Professional Writing Forms

Japan On Its Way To Be The Worlds Largest Economy Essay -- essays rese

Japan On Its Way To Be The World's Largest Economy Japan has played out a supernatural occurrence. The nation's monetary presentation following its devastating thrashing in World War II is out and out surprising. The monetary extension of Japan is best in class. The entirety of the components are in place for Japan to keep expanding a lot of the world's riches as America's steadily decays. The nation is on target to turning into the world's biggest economy. How did Japan do it? There are numerous hypotheses and studies that have followed the Japanese supernatural occurrence without progress. The response to the puzzle can be found by inspecting Japan's way of life, training, and business framework. Japan's achievement isn't only an instance of good procedure and innovation in business, however a genuine acknowledgment and improvement of the important human aptitudes.      A better comprehension of the Japanese society gives the system to understanding the activities of Japanese business (and perhaps the Japanese mind.) The methods of the Japanese give an establishment to their monetary flexibility in present day times. Japan is where human relations and safeguarding of amicability are the most significant components in the public eye. "It is their feeling of personality and predetermination which gives their modern machine its effectiveness."1 "Among the Japanese, there exists an intuitive regard for establishments and government, for the standards of behavior and administration, for social capacities and their ceremonies of business. Japan is a customarily packed island, the individuals are compelled to impart the constrained space to one another and to live in amicability.. The Japanese are exceptionally defensive of their way of life. They are very moderate to outside interruption. Their particular ways are a wellspring of pride what's more, national strength."2 Japan's taking a stab at virtue is totally different structure a North American thought of open entryways and decent variety as quality. Japan is generally shut to movement to outside nations. Be that as it may, this sentiment of prevalence doesn't prevent them from being cautious. "This is likely in light of the fact that the Japanese realize their monetary house is in dangerous territory, actually. Japan is forever at nature's leniency, powerless against the ocean that encompasses it, to quakes of the soil underneath it and a genuine deficiency of crude materials, especially food and fuel."3 A time of expanded detachment could be disast... ...e intensity of the Japanese. Is it a financial droop when "in the initial four years of this decade, Japanese fares took off by 32 percent, the yen rose 27 percent, and Japanese bosses made 3.2 million new occupations. Japan isn't disintegrating, it has now outperformed the U.S. to turn into the world's biggest assembling economy and is prepared to guarantee the a lot of the world's growth."23      Attacks on Japan's ways are endless. Clearly there are numerous issues with the manner in which they run their nation. However, nobody can overlook the financial achievement that Japan has had. The underlying foundations of the achievement can be followed back to the abilities created through culture and training, and the sound mentalities created by the Japanese work framework. The Western world could gain much from what makes the Japanese fruitful in business. It isn't only an instance of embracing Japanese procedures and innovation however of perceiving and building up the vital human aptitudes. The East has acquired vigorously from the West in improving its business execution; the West could likewise observe the exercises of Japanese history and culture and consider applying them in its own associations.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Coke vs Pepsi strategy Essay Example for Free

Coke versus Pepsi procedure Essay Coke v. Pepsi †5 Forces Analysis Industry concentrate produces High power (relies upon value/publicizing cost/high number of substitutes(low calorie drinks/no carb drinks/not carbonated beverages like squeezed orange) Pepsi items/Coke items New Entrants (hindrances/competition) High Intensity-Brand acknowledgment prevailing business sector/licenses on style and hues Network connections significant expense of passage built up, for example, appropriation, stockroom, bottlers, and rack area high showcasing costs Coke predominance on worldwide market makes it difficult for Pepsi to enter global markets where Coke is prevailing (Mexico) Suppliers (Bargaining Power of Supplier) Medium force Coke and Pepsi can and do renegotiate contracts with bottlers on costs, promoting, circulation domains, and so forth. High power for new participants on the grounds that the bottlers decide cost of item (value takers), rack place is controlled by retailer and less value rebate control. There is few significant providers since Coke and Pepsi bolstered providers to purchase other littler providers to stay aware of their needs. Purchasers (Bargaining Power of Buyers) High Intensity-because of the high number of substitutes, wellbeing concerns, and hardly any key purchasers (wellspring outlets/candy machines) E.g.) Coke and Pepsi struggled for the option to sign an agreement with drive-through joints like Burger King. Substitutes ( danger of substitutes) Medium Intensity-high number of substitutes(low calorie drinks/no carb drinks/not carbonated beverages like Orange juice/ice tea/seasoned water/and so forth. Low force †rivalry among other pop beverage in light of the fact that it’s dependent on brand acknowledgment.

Friday, July 17, 2020

Catatonic Depression Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Catatonic Depression Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Depression Types Print An Overview of Catatonic Depression By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 24, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids JGI / Jamie Grill / Getty Images Catatonic depression is when catatonia occurs concurrently with depression. Catatonia is a state in which a person experiences marked disturbances in motor activity. Although generally thought of as reduced engagement and activity, it may also manifest as excessive or peculiar motor symptoms. Catatonia can be a part of another mental disorder or medical condition or it may fall into the category of unspecified. Unspecified catatonia includes all cases in which there is no major psychotic, affective, or medical disorder that can be diagnosed. Catatonia itself is not uncommon, affecting about 10% of people with psychiatric conditions in Western countries. However, it is rare for people with major depressive disorder to have it. When catatonia occurs with depression, it is generally within the context of bipolar disorder. In fact, people with symptoms of catatonia are most frequently diagnosed with bipolar disorder followed by schizophrenia, which is the second most common psychiatric condition associated with catatonia. Symptoms Catatonia is a syndrome that includes many different signs and symptoms, some of which are fairly broad in nature. Possible manifestations can include: Stupor: Perhaps the most prominent sign is stupor. Stupor is characterized by a lack of mobility and speech.Posturing: Persons with catatonia are able to remain in the same posture for quite considerable periods of time.Waxy flexibility: The clinician who is examining someone with catatonia is able to position the individual in very uncomfortable poses which the individual will continue to maintain for a long period of time.Negativism: Attempts to move one of the catatonic persons body parts are met with resistance equal to the amount of strength that is being applied.Automatic obedience: People with catatonia automatically obey all instructions given by the examiner.Ambitendency: The person with catatonia alternates between cooperating with the examiners instructions and resisting them.Psychological pillow: The catatonic individual lies down with their head a few inches above the bed, almost as if there is an invisible pillow resting under his head.  This position can be maintained for an extended amount of time.Forced grasping: The individual repeatedly and forcibly grasps the examiners hand when it is offered.Obstruction: The catatonic individual stops suddenly in the middle of a movement without any apparent reason for doing so.Echopraxia: This involves mimicking the actions of the person speaking.Aversion: A person with catatonia turns away when spoken to.Mannerisms: This symptom involves performing repeated, purposeful movements (e.g., saluting).Stereotypies: People with catatonia sometimes engage in repeated, non-purposeful movements (e.g., rocking).Motor perseveration: People with catatonia may also continue to make a particular movement even after it has lost its original relevance.Excitement: Another symptom of catatonia involves engaging in excessive and purposeless activity that is not driven by outside stimuli.Speech abnormalities: Speech may exhibit certain irregularities, such as repetition of what other people say or monotonous speech. Catatonic depression may also be characterized by other symptoms of depression such as low mood, feelings of hopelessness, poor concentration, and changes in sleep. Causes While it is unknown exactly what causes catatonia, a number of theories have been put forth, including the following: Deficiency in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)Dysregulation in glutamateDysregulation in dopamine??Abnormalities of metabolism in the thalamus and frontal lobes One evolutionary theory suggests that catatonia may be due to an exaggerated primal fear response. It is possible, these scientists suggest, that our prehistoric ancestors, who had to frequently deal with predators, evolved the ability to remain very still for long periods of time in order to avoid detection by dangerous animals. Catatonia, they say, might be this ancient defense mechanism being triggered into action by strong feelings of fear.?? Diagnosis Diagnosing catatonic depression begins with conducting a health assessment of the persons symptoms. Doctors typically ask about when the symptoms first appeared. They will also want to know about anything that seems to make these symptoms improve or worsen. To diagnose catatonic depression, a physician or psychiatrist may often talk to family members or loved ones about the persons symptoms. A person who has catatonic depression may not be able to answer questions. Doctors must also rule out other conditions that may lead to similar symptoms. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) specifies that the diagnosis of catatonic depression requires the presence of at least three psychomotor symptoms. How Mental Health Professionals Use the DSM Today Treatment Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are the two main treatments for catatonia, although certain other treatments, such as some atypical antipsychotics, may also be utilized. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines are the first-line choice for treating catatonia. They work by increasing the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA. This type of medication is also able to quickly provide relief for symptoms such as anxiety, sleeplessness, agitation, and muscle spasms. About 70% of people with catatonia do well with a benzodiazepine called Ativan (lorazepam). Benzodiazepine Uses, Indications, and Side Effects Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Benzodiazepines are generally tried first, but ECT may be the first choice for malignant catatonia. ECT is performed under general anesthesia so that the individual does not experience any pain during the procedure. ECT is the most efficacious treatment available for catatonia.  Research suggests that it works for about 80% to 100% of people with catatonia.?? Research suggests that benzodiazepines are an effective first-line treatment for catatonia and that ECT may be used as a second-line treatment if benzodiazepines are ineffective, but researchers suggest that ECT should be considered as a first choice intervention in instances of severe catatonia.?? The two therapiesâ€"prescription medication and ECTâ€"may also be combined. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) For Depression Other Treatments Some other treatments that may also be used include N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Research suggests that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), an amino acid derivative and NMDA receptor agonist that mimics the actions of glutamate, shows some effectiveness for relieving catatonic symptoms.?? RTMS is a noninvasive procedure in which magnetic pulses are directed toward certain areas of the brain. These magnetic currents are thought to stimulate brain cells in a way that may reduce depression and anxiety. Such treatments are promising, but further research is needed to determine their effectiveness in treating catatonic depression. ECT and rTMS for Treating Depression A Word From Verywell While catatonia can be serious and life-threatening, the prognosis is good with appropriate treatment. While there is a lack of large-scale clinical studies examining current treatment approaches, the available research supports the  effectiveness of both benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Prompt recognition and treatment at the beginning of the catatonic state are essential for the best outcomes.

Wednesday, June 24, 2020

Focus on Entrepreneurship at Harvard Business School

HBS A quick glance at  Harvard Business School: HBS currently ranks in first place (tied with Stanford) as one of the best business schools, according to US News World Report (March 2012). It was ranked as third for entrepreneurship.  Ã‚   Harvard Business School Class of 2014 Profile* 8,963 people applied to Harvard Business School in 2012; 13% were admitted and 925 enrolled. The Harvard class of 2014 students have an average age of 27 and a median GMAT score of 730. 43% of students have educational backgrounds in economics and business. *Statistics as of 6/11/2012 HBS Academics Related to Entrepreneurship The Harvard Business School curriculum is divided into two parts: the required curriculum (RC) and the elective curriculum (EC). Students spend their first year taking RC courses which cover fundamental business practices, as well as FIELD courses, smaller, hands-on projects that complement the case-method style used in the RC courses. Term 1 Required Courses: Finance 1 Financial Reporting and Control Leadership and Organizational Behavior Marketing Technology and Operations Management Term 2 Required Courses: Business, Government, and the International Economy Strategy The Entrepreneurial Manager Finance 2 Leadership and Corporate Accountability Elective courses enable students to delve deeper into the subject areas that most interest them. Entrepreneurial Management Courses: Course Title Faculty Name Credits Building Life Science Businesses Richard G. Hamermesh 1.5 Building and Sustaining a Successful Enterprise Stephen P. Kaufman,  Derek van Bever, Clay Christensen, Chet Huber 3.03.0 The Coming of Managerial Capitalism: The United States Tom Nicholas 3.0 Contemporary South Asia: Entrepreneurial Solutions to Intractable Social Economic Problems (University-wide Course) Tarun Khanna 3.0 Creating Shared Value: Entrepreneurial and Corporate Models for a Changing Economy Christopher Marquis 3.0 Creative High-Impact Ventures: Entrepreneurs Who Changed The World Mukti Khaire 3.0 Entrepreneurial Finance   William Sahlman, Joseph Lassiter, Ramana Nanda 3.0 Entrepreneurial Management in a Turnaround Environment Jim Sharpe 3.0 Entrepreneurial Solutions for Market Failure Joseph L. Bower 1.5 Entrepreneurship and Global Capitalism Geoffrey Jones 3.0 Entrepreneurship in Education Reform   John Kim 3.0 Entrepreneurship in Healthcare IT and Services Robert Higgins 1.5 Executing Strategy J. Bruce Harreld 3.0 Field Course: Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Challenges in Chinas Emerging Market Elisabeth Koll 1.5 Field Course: Entrepreneurial Solutions for Market Failure Joseph L. Bower 3.0 Field Course: Entrepreneurship through Acquisition Richard S. Ruback,  Royce Yudkoff 3.0 Field Course: Evaluating the Entrepreneurial Opportunity Mike Roberts 3.0 Field Course: Innovation in Business, Energy, and Environment Joseph B. Lassiter,  Forest L. Reinhardt, Rebecca M. Henderson,  John D. Macomber, Woodward Yang 3.0 Field Course: Launching Technology Ventures Jeffrey Bussgang 1.5 Field Course: Running Small and Medium Size Enterprises James M. Sharpe 3.0 Field Course: Social Innovation Lab Allen S. Grossman, Herman B. Leonard 3.0 Founders Dilemmas Noam Wasserman 3.0 Innovating in Health Care Intensive Course Regina E. Herzlinger 3.0 Innovation in Business, Energy, and Environment Joseph B. Lassiter,  Forest L. Reinhardt, Rebecca M. Henderson,  John D. Macomber, Woodward Yang 1.5 Introduction to Innovation Entrepreneurship   William Sahlman, Joseph Lassiter 1.5/3.0 IXP Course: China; Understanding Chinas Business Environment Elisabeth Koll 1.5 Launching Global Ventures William R. Kerr 1.5 Legal Aspects of Entrepreneurship Lena Goldberg 1.5 Management of the Family Business John A. Davis 1.5 The Online Economy: Strategy and Entrepreneurship Peter Coles, Benjamin Edelman 3.0 Running Small and Medium Size Enterprises James M. Sharpe 1.5 Venture Capital and Private Equity Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, Alexander Ljungqvist 3.0 Venture Capital in Historical Perspective Tom Nicholas, G. Felda Hardymon 1.5 Venture Capital in Historical Perspective: Research Component Tom Nicholas, G. Felda Hardymon 1.5 Visible and Invisible Hands in China: State and Business since 1800: Seminar Elisabeth Koll 3.0 In addition to the above, students may also choose to participate in the Immersion Experience Program (IXP). For entrepreneurship students, there’s the Silicon Valley Immersion Program. Other field study opportunities are available for entrepreneurs, including the Entrepreneurship Initiative. Students may also cross register (up to two courses) at other schools at the university or at the Entrepreneurship Lab at MIT. See Cross-Registration Opportunities. Research Centers for Entrepreneurship at Harvard Arthur Rock Center for Entrepreneurship California Research Center Extracurricular Clubs, Activities, and Competitions for HBS Entrepreneurship Students Entrepreneur Club Family Business Club Ideas@Work Social Enterprise Club Venture Capital Private Equity Club TechMedia Club Entrepreneurs-in-Residence Early-Stage Idea Feedback Business Plan Contest Entrepreneur Stats at Harvard Business School 25% of the class of 2011 graduates did not seek post-MBA employment, 7% of which started their own businesses. 8% of class of 2012 students did not seek summer internships; 3% started their own businesses. Companies Founded by HBS Alumni: Bain Company – Orit Gadiesh Goldman Sachs – John Whitehead Intuit – Scott Cook Krueger International – Robert Higgins Landmark Communications/Weather Channel – Frank Batten RR – Robert Reiss Staples – Thomas Stemberg TNT Group – Steven Belkin United Bank for Africa – Hakeem Belo-Osagie US Labs – Michael Danzi    Are you applying to Harvard Business School? Please see our Harvard B-School Zone, Harvard Application Packages, and Harvard Business School 2013 Essay Questions and Tips for more information on how Accepted.com can help you get accepted.   Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Defining and Measuring Crime - 1557 Words

Introduction To Crime, Defining and Measuring Crime Alistair Van Oudtshoorn Due Date: 23 April, 5:00pm Tutor: Thalia Edmonds Tutor Group: Wednesday 10:00am-10: 50am Table Of Contents. Introduction Page 3 Violent Crime Page 3 White-Collar Crime Page 3 Internet Crime Page 4 Property Crime Page 4 Conclusion Page 4 References Page 6 Crime has always been a shadow upon societies image, these learned behaviors can be seen in all shapes and sizes, in the cities, in the streets and even in homes. The media has controlled the image of what is perceived as crime. But what truly stalks the streets at night, is it the sadistic men who care so little about human dignity they travel from coast to coast sexually assaulting women?†¦show more content†¦One such method is organizational data gathering which rather than assembling statistical data it aims to collect profiling information to increase the chance of arrest therefore providing more data (Hayes and Prenzler, 2008). In 2003-4 the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) received a total of 63,695 complaints and enquiries and of that amount 480 were investigated of which 22 were taken to court. Overall in 2003-4 police investigated only 0.7% of possible white-collar crimes (ACCC, 2004). As technology increases so does the complexity of white-col lar crime therefore facilitating for a predicted rise in frequency. White-collar crime is the highest costing of all crimes and damages people both directly and indirectly through economic manipulation. The internet has brought upon a new revolution of global interconnection where contacting someone on the other side of the world is just a click away, but with this international phenomenon comes an increased susceptibility with unfamiliar technology. Internet crime is compiled of all non-physical crime with the aid of a computer. Although broad in definition internet crimes are largely composed of acts such as cyber fraud, ‘phishing’ (username and password hacking), cyber stalking and hacking. Internet crime does not pose an overwhelming issue in society in terms of itsShow MoreRelatedDifficulties Involved in Defining and Measuring Crime and Deviance1049 Words   |  5 Pagesthe problems between crime and deviance, what counts as crime and deviance and how it varies wi th place and time. It will include the difference and similarities and give examples of defining crime and deviance. Finally the essay moves on to looking at how to identify why official statistics do not reflect in today’s society and may not be totally accurate. 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According to the CJi Interactive Media crime is defined as â€Å" conduct in violation of the criminal laws of the state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.† That means that â€Å" crime â€Å" depends on where you are. The same behavior may or may not be a crime dependingRead MoreAnimal Cruelty Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesmechanical clocks, devoid of feelings and incapable of experiencing pleasure or pain† (Vaughn). Today, unlike Descartes, most people believe that animals are intrinsically or instrumentally valuable, also, whether they have or deserve any rights. Defining what cruelty is has been very subjective. To some people. An animal is just property and they can beat it around as much as they want, to others, animals are part of their family and they would never lay a finger on them. There is legislation againstRead MoreResearch Process and Terminology927 Words   |  4 Pagesof his or her research. The research process begins with problem formulation. Problem formulation is to review, selection, and specification of the area to be investigated (Hagan, 2010, p. 19). Researchers organize research by formulating and defining a research problem. Before attempting to solve a problem, researchers must first define the problem. The more difficult it is to define the problem, the harder he or she has to try. Once the problem formulation is complete, researchers can stayRead MoreSociology - Crime and Deviance Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesCrime and Deviance Crime is a set of rules and statutes that regulates the behaviours of a society, it is a behaviour or action that will put members of the public at risk of harm in one way or another be it a robbery or a violent attack. However, deviance is not necessarily breaking the law but it is in violation of the social norms. (Cliff Notes. 2009) But what is classed as criminal or deviant is dependent on certain factors. Crime, or what is perceived as criminal changes over time; what is

Monday, May 18, 2020

personal finance 4 - 1144 Words

1. Describe a real or made up but realistic situation that could cause you or someone you know to have to use money from a financial reserve. (3-6 sentences. 2.0 points) I put money into a financial reserve for college. I will not touch the money till then. I can add but not subtract from it. 2. How many months worth of expenses do you think your financial reserve should include? Describe at least two reasons for this decision. (3-6 sentences. 2.0 points) As many as I can have saved up into it. Depends on wether I am working, and what my income is. Cause I could lose a job. 3. Would you rather have a savings account that offered simple interest, or an account that offered compound interest? Why? (3-6 sentences. 2.0 points) It would†¦show more content†¦Also referred to as shareholders equity.In the context of margin trading, the value of securities in a margin account minus what has been borrowed from the brokerage.In the context of real estate, the difference between the current market value of the property and the amount the owner still owes on the mortgage. It is the amount that the owner would receive after selling a property and paying off the mortgage.In terms of investment strategies, equity (stocks) is one of the principal asset classes. The other two are fixed-income (bonds) and cash/cash-equivalents. These are used in asset allocaon planning to structure a desired risk and return profile for an investors portfolio. Investopedia explains Equity The terms meaning depends very much on the context. In finance, in general, you can think of equity as ownership in any asset after all debts associated with that asset are paid off. For example, a car or house with no outstanding debt is considered the owners equity because he or she can readily sell the item for cash. Stocks are equity because they represent ownership in a company. 11. If you were a new investor who wanted to invest in stock, would you prefer to invest in registered public stock, or unregistered private stock? Why? (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) I would incest in unregisteredShow MoreRelatedPersonal Finance Unit 41202 Words   |  5 PagesBrittany James FIN 1100 Module 4 Home Work Assignments [Answer all questions in details] 1.|Matthew Boyd asks for your help! He has saved $10,000 and wants to invest in common stock. Choose one of the long-term or short-term techniques described in this chapter and - long term technique: Dollar cost averaging †¢ explain how that method could help Matthew achieve his investment goals. - this method Dollar cost averaging is a long-term technique used by investors whoRead MoreFp101 Week 1 Dq Answers1559 Words   |  7 Pagesby clicking on Reply:   Refer to Figure 1-1 of Personal Finance. List the five steps in the personal financial planning process. Share one or two questions you may ask yourself when you are in Step 1.   According to Figure 1-1 of Personal Finance, the five steps in the personal financial planning process are: Step 1 – Analyze your current finances, Step 2 – Develop goals, Step 3 – Identify and evaluate strategies to achieve your goals, Step 4 – Establish and implement your plan, Step 5Read MorePersonal Financial Planning1579 Words   |  7 Pages | | |2011-2012 Academic Year | ADM 3445 (FR01B) Personal Financial Planning Course Outline Instructor: E. Otuteye Term: Winter 2012 Office: SH 362 Day(s): W Phone: 506 458-7354 Time: 7:00-9:50pm Email: otuteye@unb.ca Classroom: SH 161 Office hours: Th, F 2:00 – 3:00;Read MorePersonal Budgeting1059 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Budget Summary and Findings ACC 547/Taxation Michael De Marco Personal Budget Summary and Findings Memo DATE: October 1, 2012 TO: Henry and Mary Jones FROM: RE: Follow-up on Financial Planning Meeting It was a pleasure to meet with both of you to discuss your personal finances, your financial dreams, and concerns. As we discussed, being in control of your personal finances, and not your finances being in control of you, is very important. When you are in control of yourRead MoreTraditional Methods Of Managing Personal Income1641 Words   |  7 PagesThere are three traditional methods of managing personal income. 1. Budgeting, 2. Keeping a spending history, and 3. Doing nothing (also known as living from paycheck to paycheck). Budgeting involves setting what percent of future income is to be spent on which categories of expenses, and then recording all purchases in order to track how well spending is staying within the predefined limits. The process sounds very simple, however, it is difficult, in my opinion, to stick with a budget for veryRead MorePersonal Financial Goals And Objectives Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pagesnecessary when you are further from the set goal. When it comes to money, most individuals would love to manage their personal finances so that they achieve maximum satisfaction from each available currency. To achieve this goal, you must first identify the financial goals and set priorities. Personal financial planning is the process through which individual manages their finances to achieve maximum satisfaction. It does not matter if you are self-employed, highly paid executive or newly employedRead MoreAssessment of Personal Financial Wellness of Teachers1115 Words   |  5 Pagesdaily cash inflows and outflows in personal finances will help make tough situations less stressful and easier to handle. Cash (1996) Among five risk stressors in life ( relationships, work, health , crime/violence, amp; personal finance), personal finance was rated as the number one source of stress, concerns about personal finance are five times higher than those regarding health. Garman et al (1996) research has indicated a relation between personal finance stress and backache, alcoholism,Read MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1628 Words   |  7 Pageswhich a private employer guaranteed a pension based upon years of service and compensation. To no surprise, these plans are ailing, or disappearing as well. As late as the 1980 s, 60% of US employers offered this benefit; today that number stands at 4%. To those who have all of their eggs in this basket, the outcome is clear; retirement will not be the golden years they had hoped for. The expectation of Social Security or a pension providing the funds needed for retirement are rapidly dwindling, nowRead MorePersonal Statement : Personal Finan ce1607 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Finance Personal finance decision is a very important decision as it involves management of day-to-day finances of an individual or his family. Personal finance includes not only obtaining, budgeting, saving, and spending monetary resources over time but also taking into account various financial risks and future life events. It includes all activities which an individual is concerned about like investment, insurance, tax, debt servicing, mortgages etc. Financial planning involves analysingRead MoreFinancial Literacy Is The Key For Managing Money895 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents score on a standardized personal finance test. The results generated in this studied showed 6,700 U.S. high school students scored an average of 52 percent on this test. But, this was not the worst thing found in the study by the researchers at University of Nebraska. The worst thing found was a gender gap in the results of this personalized finance test. With boys scoring more than girls in 20 of 23 subjects in the test. Subjects areas in this personalized finance test consisted of budgeting

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Pricing Decision

Week 4 Assignment Pricing Decisions BUS 612-Advanced Project Procurement October 01, 2012 Pricing Decision One of the most important and complex decisions a firm has to make is how much to pay for its items and services. The buying professional should be able to detect easily exceptionally high prices. Thus, it is necessary to give meticulous consideration to pricing decision when buying products and services. Pricing is one of the most important decisions a marketer makes regarding a product since price plays a crucial role in competitiveness and consumer demand. Marketers must determine price at the initial stage of a product s life and re-evaluate pricing to manage the delicate balance between production and profits (Benton,†¦show more content†¦371). Company Using Purchasing Strategy Dell is a company that has used a purchasing strategy to improve the financial impact of the company. Historically, prices were determined through bargaining or negotiations between buyers and sellers. Different prices were set based on the buyer needs and bargaining skill. The establishment of one price for every customer is relatively new phenomenon that came about with the rise of retailers but price still remains a major factor in affecting consumer-buying decisions. The ability of price to affect consumer decision and its flexibility makes pricing strategies important in meeting Dell’s objectives in a competitive environment (Dell 10-K, 2005). The main objective of Dell is to produce the low price and profitable notebook for the customer. For Dell Company, all the prices that they sell are posed to the internet and that is usually based on the e-commerce market (eweek, 2001). The main reason for successful pricing strategy is having a reasonably precise idea of supply and demand. Dell Company has set different types of pricing based on the home user, small business user and medium or large business user. The pricing structure changes as the products move through their life cycle. Dell is the low-cost leader in the industry. Dell’s highly efficient supply chain management and manufacturing organization, efficient directShow MoreRelatedFord Implementation of Virtual Integration: A Push Pull Strategy.1587 Words   |  7 Pagesset forth goals to compete with the expansion of foreign-based auto manufacturers globally. The goal of Ford 2000 is to continue to improve quality and reduce cycle times by finding ways to improve processes involving all stakeholders within the supply chain and the company itself. The key to achieving this goal lies in the ability to take advantage of the Ford Company’s size and global presence to invest in information technology. This can be accomplished by using its intelligence resourcesRead MoreVideo Case Arnold Palmer Hospital S Supply Chain Essay639 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Video Case: Arnold Palmer Hospital’s Supply Chain Arnold Palmer Hospital, one of the nation’s top hospitals dedicated to serving women and children, is a large business with over 2,000 employees working in a 431-bed facility totaling 676,000 square feet in Orlando, Florida. Like many other hospitals, and other companies, Arnold Palmer Hospital had been a long-time member of a large buying group, one servicing 900 members. But the group did have a few limitations (Heizer Render,Read MoreLogistics Of Logistics And Transportation1304 Words   |  6 Pageslogistics systems in many sectors has grown as a result of increasing product variations and differentiation. Another factor is that many companies are concentrating on their core skills and are reducing their vertical integration. The efficient management of the resulting global flows of goods has boosted both the business and economic significance of logistics. The creation of large economic regions gives rise to international, cross-border logistics systems (The Macroecon omic, 2008). The closeRead MoreE-Procurement Tools1518 Words   |  7 Pagesthat are usually the supply and demand chain solution providers, to assist the purchasing company to search for suitable suppliers on the Internet. Diagram 1.1. provides a snapshot of the E-Sourcing process. Supplier A Diagram 1.1. E-Sourcing Process Purchasing Company Supplier D Internet-based B2B Marketplace Supplier B Supplier E Supplier C Supply Chain Software Provider According to Agentrics (http://www.agentrics.com), one of the largest supply chain software provider globallyRead MoreAcquisition Is Applied Throughout The Whole Life Cycle Of It Governance Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Acquisition means â€Å"an asset or object bought or obtained†. ISO/IEC 38500 defined acquisition as it balances benefits, opportunities, costs and risks in both short and long term [7]. Also, the delivery of acquisition contributes valid reasons in decision making. Acquisition is applied throughout the whole life cycle of IT Governance including initiative project creating. There are mainly seven different activities and the deliverables are finished in turns [2]. They are listed as follow [6]: ActivitiesRead MoreImplementing Enterprise Resource Planning ( Erp ) Systems1441 Words   |  6 Pagessoftware that integrate and streamline data across an entire organization into one central system that serves the operational and decision making needs of an entire organization. (Bradford, 2015) As seen in Figure 1, ERP systems integrates finance/accounting, human resources, manufacturing, supply chain management, project management and customer relationship management. You can look at the ERP system as a type of glue that binds these different computer systems together. Each department stillRead MoreIndia s Largest Institute For Supply Chain Management Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesInstitute for Supply Management, INDIA (ISM-INDIA) situated in Gurgaon (Delhi-NCR), which have many chapters in major, cities of India. ISM-INDIA is affiliated to Institute for supply management in the USA which is the world’s largest institute for supply chain management. The main aim of cooperation is to provide opportunities for the promotion of supply management professions and expansion of skills and knowledge of professionals. ISM-INDIA works with many MNC’s, major companies and public sectorRead MoreSupply Chain Management : Strategic Management833 Words   |  4 PagesAll flows of information, products or funds generate costs within the supply chain. Efficient management of these flows is the key to success in the supply chain. Effective and efficient supply chain management involves the management of supply chain assets and product, information, and fund flows to maximize total supply chain profitability. â€Å"Supply chain efficiency is related to whether a company’s processes are harnessing resources in the best way possible, whether those resources are financialRead MoreProcurement And Procurement Of Procurement1628 Words   |  7 Pagesalso referred to as the sourcing and purchasing of goods and services for commercial purposes. Every decision unit, be it a farmer or a firm, sets procurement policies that govern its choice of suppliers, products, and the methods and procedures of buying. Depending upon the size of the decision unit and the complexity and level of formality of the agribusiness concern, procurement practices are evolved in various segments. At the farm level, sourcing decisions to many inputs and services are decidedRead MoreW1a Introduction1481 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is purchasing? MS6323 Strategic Sourcing and Procurement KK Lam Week 1a Summer 2015 2 What is purchasing? Or Part of Supply Chain (Manufacturing) Perspectives on purchasing 1 As a function – To perform specialised tasks 2 As a process – To achieve an output 3 As a link in the supply chain 4 As a relationship 5 As a discipline – Knowledge based 6 As a profession – Demonstrable skills and knowledge – With production and warehousing – Internal and external focus 3 SCM activities

Strenghts and weaknesses of qualitative research method.

Soma Sà ¡gi Strengths and weaknesses of different research methods This semester my group was tasked with the conduction of a research about how the University of Bath s great employability rates affected their University choice. We used qualitative research methods, every member of the group interviewed a first year Social Science student. We then later summarised the data, and looked for common points. All the interviews were semi-constructed, we asked questions which let the interviewee make his/her own points about the subject, thus the answers were not narrowed to the generic ones one could receive when conducting a survey. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for easier summarisation and can be accessed online ( see†¦show more content†¦I would prefer using the qualitative research method in the future when needing to acquire data. The quantitative methods, the survey questionnaire feels like it is narrowing down the possible answers too much and just by the wording of the question one can influence the subjects answers. There are some ethical issues with the qualitative method that need to be addressed. First of all, one always needs the permission of the subject to use the data acquired through the interviews in one s research. Anonymity is often sought after subjects affected by trauma or when answering other personal questions, including but not limited t o those about intimacy, physical and mental health. Qualitative research could require the researcher to participate in the subjects everyday life to a great degree, especially in those cases when the subject of the research is a closed group, for example a tribe, rather than a single person. Researchers need to know their boundaries and when not to push these, because that can lead to the subject group shutting out the researcher and to a loss of trust, thus making the research impossible to conduct. Another issue is the question of interception. Does one try to help a child suffering from domestic violence? Does one get involved in issues out of their authority? By doing so they destroy their own research subject. Is that such a great price for actually making an another human being sShow MoreRelatedCase Study Jysk1666 Words   |  7 Pages2. Value Chain 4 2.1.1 Primary activities 4 2.1.2 Support Activities 5 2.2 Conclusion 5 3. Segmentation, targeting and positioning 6 3.1 Market Research 6 3.1.1Market research method 7 3.1.2Data Collection 7 3.2. Conclusion 7 4. Human Resource Management 8 1. Outline Internal To understand Jysk’s strenghts and weaknesses, Michel Porter’s Value chain analysis will be made. In order to conduct value chain analysis, the company is split into primary and support activities. ItRead MoreCase Study Jysk1656 Words   |  7 PagesOutline 3 2. Value Chain 4 2.1.1 Primary activities 4 2.1.2 Support Activities 5 2.2 Conclusion 5 3. Segmentation, targeting and positioning 6 3.1 Market Research 6 3.1.1Market research method 7 3.1.2Data Collection 7 3.2. Conclusion 7 4. Human Resource Management 8 1. Outline Internal To understand Jysk’s strenghts and weaknesses, Michel Porter’s Value chain analysis will be made. In order to conduct value chain analysis, the company is split into primary and support activities. It wouldRead MoreHungry Jacks Research2201 Words   |  9 PagesMARKETING FUNDAMENTALS Project â€Å"You are required to write a report on how marketers use the different methods of marketing research to identify opportunities of the market, segmenting and targeting the market based on the valuable results collected from their marketing research activities. To be able to do this project you should select a company of your choice and identify the various market research techniques the company has used to gather information of the market. The report has to be presentedRead MoreEssay on Strategic Management2052 Words   |  9 Pagescompetitive advantage over others. (Johnson and Scholes cited in Russell Hoye, Aaron Smith, Matthew Nicholson, Bob Steward, Hans Westerbeek,2009) Russell et al. (2009)says that an organisation could be a successful one if the decisions it makes are qualitative and strategic in nature. Michael Armstrong, Tina Stephens (2005) simply say that strategic management means looking ahead at what they need to achieve in the middle or near future. Every organisation needs a purpose and a set of objectives. StrategicRead MoreSubway Market Research5005 Words   |  21 PagesDanish market. One of the main competitors is the Danish chain Sunset Boulevard. When the Subway chain was withdrawing their restaurants from the Danish market, Sunset Boulevard bought 3 of their branches. (Subway Denmark) 1.1 Background of the research This thesis will give background information about the Subway chain, its customers and Subway as a franchise concept. The fast food market in Denmark and the competition between Subway and its three biggest competitors, McDonald‟s, Burger KingRead MoreKansai Digital Phone Case3133 Words   |  13 Pagesorganization. It’s centered on a product around the handset. 6. Short customer lifetime * The main problem is short customer lifetime Customers stayed with the company 15 months, 50% of the customers leaved the company less than one year. CURRENT RESEARCH EVIDENCE First challenge A-sen team faced is difficulties to convince company to call new unit from â€Å"Office to promote Sales Strategy† to marketing department. The name and concept were not accepted. As it is essential for Japan market, vastRead MoreKansai Digital Phone Case3122 Words   |  13 Pagesorganization. It’s centered on a product around the handset. 6. Short customer lifetime * The main problem is short customer lifetime Customers stayed with the company 15 months, 50% of the customers leaved the company less than one year. CURRENT RESEARCH EVIDENCE First challenge A-sen team faced is difficulties to convince company to call new unit from â€Å"Office to promote Sales Strategy† to marketing department. The name and concept were not accepted. As it is essential for Japan market, vast majorityRead MoreEasyjet Market Analysis5052 Words   |  21 PagesExecutive Summary: This report illustrates an in-depth look of easyJet and will also discuss an analytic research that was made to demonstrate aspects of the history of the airline, along with the marketing strategy and brand strategy used and implemented by the low-budget airline. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, known as SWOT analysis, will also be illustrated along with the external environment better known as PEST analysis which consists of the political, environmentalRead MoreEasyjet Market Analysis5043 Words   |  21 PagesExecutive Summary: This report illustrates an in-depth look of easyJet and will also discuss an analytic research that was made to demonstrate aspects of the history of the airline, along with the marketing strategy and brand strategy used and implemented by the low-budget airline. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, known as SWOT analysis, will also be illustrated along with the external environment better known as PEST analysis which consists of the political, environmentalRead MorePepsis New 7UP Campaign3498 Words   |  14 Pagescontribute to healthier lifestyles. SWOT Analysis: Strenghts: †¢ PepsiCO has brand name equity which supports all its product lines including 7UP. †¢ 7UP is leader in the lemon lime segment in Egypt with 58% share †¢ 7UP is one of the key brands in Pepsi Cola Egypt is 30% of total companies volume †¢ During 2004, 7UP was only lemon lime Carbonated Soft Drinks to carry marketing communication initiative in Egypt †¢ According to consumer research conducted by AC Neilson, 7UP brand is number one refreshing

The Symptoms of Asthma Free Essays

Asthma is a chronic (long-term) disease that inflames and narrows the airways. The airways produce extra mucus and breathing becomes difficult. Asthma causes tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Symptoms of Asthma or any similar topic only for you Order Now Asthma affects people of all ages but usually starts in childhood. For some people asthma may just be a minor inconvenience for others it is a major problem that interferes with daily activities. Those that have severe asthma could incur a life threatening asthma attack. The symptoms of asthma range from person to person and vary from minor to severe. A person may have symptoms primarily at night, during exercise or when they may be exposed to certain triggers. Some people have asthma symptoms all the time others may have infrequent attacks and between flare-ups feel completely normal and have no trouble breathing. Situations that may induce an asthma flare up are: Exercise-induced asthma occurs during exercise and may be worse when the air is cold and dry, Occupational asthma is caused by breathing irritants such as chemical fumes, gases or dust, Allergy-induced asthma is triggered by particular allergens, such as pollen, molds and pet dander. Asthma is a very common disease. Twenty-two million Americans suffer from asthma, of that six million are children and the number of people being diagnosed grows each year. Factors that may increase your chance of developing asthma are: Having a blood relative (parent or sibling) with asthma, being overweight, being a smoker or exposure to second hand smoke, mother that smoked while being pregnant, low birth weight, exposure to exhaust fumes and other pollution such as chemicals used in farming/harvesting and manufacturing. Having an allergic condition such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever) or atopic dermatitis can also be a factor in having asthma. Other causes or risk factors may be exposure to allergens, certain germs or having some types of bacterial or viral infections. Research on these triggers is required to find out what role they play in developing asthma. Diagnosis of asthma can be difficult. In order to rule out any other conditions such as wheezy bronchitis, pneumonia or reactive airway disease, a doctor can perform a physical exam and ask you questions about your signs and symptoms. Lung (pulmonary) function tests can determine how much air you move in and out of your lungs. Several tests include: A Peak flow meter which measures how hard you can breathe out, Spirometry a test that measures the narrowing of your bronchial tubes by checking the amount of air exhaled after a deep breath and how fast you can breathe out. Other tests that can be done after your initial lung function test is normal are Methacholine challenge and Nitric oxide test. Asthma is an incurable disease that can be controlled by medication. The right medications depend on a number of things, including your age, your symptoms, your asthma triggers and what works best for an individual to keep it under control. Treatment usually involves learning to recognize the triggers and taking steps to avoid them, and tracking your breathing. Prevention and long -term control is the key to preventing asthma attacks. How to cite The Symptoms of Asthma, Essay examples

The Symptoms of Asthma Free Essays

Asthma is a chronic (long-term) disease that inflames and narrows the airways. The airways produce extra mucus and breathing becomes difficult. Asthma causes tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Symptoms of Asthma or any similar topic only for you Order Now Asthma affects people of all ages but usually starts in childhood. For some people asthma may just be a minor inconvenience for others it is a major problem that interferes with daily activities. Those that have severe asthma could incur a life threatening asthma attack. The symptoms of asthma range from person to person and vary from minor to severe. A person may have symptoms primarily at night, during exercise or when they may be exposed to certain triggers. Some people have asthma symptoms all the time others may have infrequent attacks and between flare-ups feel completely normal and have no trouble breathing. Situations that may induce an asthma flare up are: Exercise-induced asthma occurs during exercise and may be worse when the air is cold and dry, Occupational asthma is caused by breathing irritants such as chemical fumes, gases or dust, Allergy-induced asthma is triggered by particular allergens, such as pollen, molds and pet dander. Asthma is a very common disease. Twenty-two million Americans suffer from asthma, of that six million are children and the number of people being diagnosed grows each year. Factors that may increase your chance of developing asthma are: Having a blood relative (parent or sibling) with asthma, being overweight, being a smoker or exposure to second hand smoke, mother that smoked while being pregnant, low birth weight, exposure to exhaust fumes and other pollution such as chemicals used in farming/harvesting and manufacturing. Having an allergic condition such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever) or atopic dermatitis can also be a factor in having asthma. Other causes or risk factors may be exposure to allergens, certain germs or having some types of bacterial or viral infections. Research on these triggers is required to find out what role they play in developing asthma. Diagnosis of asthma can be difficult. In order to rule out any other conditions such as wheezy bronchitis, pneumonia or reactive airway disease, a doctor can perform a physical exam and ask you questions about your signs and symptoms. Lung (pulmonary) function tests can determine how much air you move in and out of your lungs. Several tests include: A Peak flow meter which measures how hard you can breathe out, Spirometry a test that measures the narrowing of your bronchial tubes by checking the amount of air exhaled after a deep breath and how fast you can breathe out. Other tests that can be done after your initial lung function test is normal are Methacholine challenge and Nitric oxide test. Asthma is an incurable disease that can be controlled by medication. The right medications depend on a number of things, including your age, your symptoms, your asthma triggers and what works best for an individual to keep it under control. Treatment usually involves learning to recognize the triggers and taking steps to avoid them, and tracking your breathing. Prevention and long -term control is the key to preventing asthma attacks. How to cite The Symptoms of Asthma, Essay examples

Repetition of Consonant Sound System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Repetition of Consonant Sound System. Answer: Introduction: In the poem Forms of Innocence, the poet has used the swan as the major symbol- reversely. The girl in the poem has been compared with a black swan- a symbol to point out that she is an outcast in her kind of society where sexuality is not brought out in the light, and a girl exploring her sexual desire is considered a taboo. The girl did not abide by the norms society had chosen for her, and she had broken boundaries to engage in a sexual encounter with a man. She chose to enjoy the act as it was and did not take it as if she lost her virginity. The black swan marks her apart from the masses of white swans, or women who abide by repressing social norms. In his masterpiece The Prelude, T.S. Eliot justifies the title as this plays as a curtain raiser for the themes of his later works, especially The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and The Waste Land. The stanzas have been written as if they are time slots dividing a day into four parts. With each line, the poet has expressed his hopelessness. The readers are compelled to drown in the desolate and filthy description of a crippling civilization management. To make things more real, he has experimented with the rhyme schemes with fragmented and cobbled up words to put emphasis on living a worn out day. The rhyme pattern used in the first stanza is ABCB, DDEFE- something that is scattered. He has used iambic tetrameter here. In the poem The Yachts by Williams he employs the most important figure of speech is the comparison rare as the light of a happy eye.. Here the main subjects are the ships which face power and wrath of the sea for sailing through the waves. As the waves look as happy as a mans twinkling eyes, they break against the sailing ships, ready to rip them apart. They look gay, only to devastate. Alliteration is used to show repetition of consonant sounds within a single line in a poem. Assonance shows repetition of vowel sounds in a line. Consonance is the amalgamation of both- it is the repetition of similar sounds when they are in close proximity. Higher pitched sounds are rough on the ear while softer sounds are soothing. In Epithalamium loud sounds are used to describe the abusive marriage of the woman. The woman ends the attack on the man with softer sounds. In the poem Vancouver Lights by Earle Birney, there are a few metaphors which have been used to enhance the theme of the poem. Quilt of lamps here has been referred go the number of lighthouses which work together looking like a blanket of lights from afar. They provide safety like quilts as they watch over the coast. Another one used is We the unique glowworms. By this, he denotes that humanity has been responsible for its own condition, much like flies and worms. Conclusion The poem Bushed by Earle Birney presents a time sequence, and written from an observer point of view. The poem stands for two different meanings, where the first denotes that the narrator is tired or bushed. The second meaning denotes a bush, or stretches of wild land originating beyond human settlement. The poet talks of a man who has succumbed to natures intimidating force. He lacks the power to counter with the nature or even be scheming anymore. He has come to that stage where he speaks from his philosophical detachments and emotional fatigue.

Saturday, April 25, 2020

The Effects of Humor and Persuasion

Table of Contents Introduction Effectiveness of humor in persuasion Risk of using Humor in persuasion Conclusion References Introduction Humor is generally considered to be a valuable means used in persuasion to achieve the overall objective and is also highly regarded as the number one psychological motivator. It is applicable in various scopes of communication such as advertising, education, foreign relations, and public relations as well as communication within an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Humor and Persuasion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Humor is recognized as a tool used to develop learning since it is able to stimulate the attention of students, exemplify theory and progressively inspire the students through propinquity. There are notable comparables between persuasion and humor since persuasion involves a source presenting a message to the receiver while humor ent ails an originator calling attention to a funny object in order to entertain the appreciator. Effectiveness of humor in persuasion According to Seiter Gass (2004), the main objective of persuasion is to alter the attitude or mental state of receivers and as a consequence change their behavior. While on the other hand, main objective of humor is to alter the affective or emotional state of the appreciator with the aim of creating amusement which leads to laughter (Markiewicz, 1974). The effectiveness of humor in persuasion in particular when dealing with broad communication such as advertising takes two different dimensions namely cognitive and affective (Chafe, 1987). The cognitive dimension gives insight as to how humor optimistically influences the thought process of the one listening to a persuasive message by rousing interest, which creates rapport with the audience and encourages them to progress through an information-processing hierarchy (Martin, 2007). The affective dimensi on regarding the effectiveness of humor in persuasion advocates for a constructive attitude toward the advertisement which acts as an arbitrate variable which is responsible for positively influencing the attitude of the audience towards the brand, thus improving the sales and other intended results targeted by the advertisers (Chaffee, 1994). Studies have revealed that a conditioning process takes place when the audience is exposed to humor and a positive attitude toward the communicator is created leading to heightened interest regarding the subject matter (Mortensen, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, though humor draws attention and does not impair the understanding of an audience, it nevertheless does not appear to present a strong challenge to non-humor at improving persuasion. It fails to augment or account for the sincerity of the source but does improve the affe ction towards the source and for humor to be most effective; it needs to be associated to the message rather than isolated (Markiewicz, 1974). Various schools of thought believe that humor has minimal or no influences on preservation, conception, persuasion or even source evaluation and these contentions have been corroborated (Seiter Gass 2004). Humorous advertisements for instance can keep the audiences amused without necessarily evoking recall or retention and thus will not affect the sale results (Martin, 2007). As indicated by Martin (2007), through content analysis based on business to business advertisements, a dedicated team of researchers failed to find the achievements brought about by humor that significantly affected recall, distribution, or ratings of the business. Nevertheless, humor does still have a firm standing in as far as enhancing persuasion is concerned since the source is able to build rapport with the receiver which is the fundamental goal of persuasion (Cha fe, 1987). Risk of using Humor in persuasion Humor can also be damaging if not used in a controlled way, because humor has the tendency to pull away the audience from the intended message. According to Chaffee (1994), studies have shown that humor works peculiarly well with a weak argument where it has a propensity to compensate. Humor does not work well with a strong argument because it tends to distract the listeners from the core communiquà © of the argument since humor draws attention primarily to itself (Seiter Gass 2004). There is also the risk of misinterpretation where some of the receivers may fail to comprehend the humor effectively losing interest (Chafe, 1987). Further, humor such as satire and irony may draw the receiver into its complexity further alienating the receiver from the message intended (Mortensen, 2006). Finally, there is the risk that some members of the audience may be offended since humor is usually based on people and daily experiences. It is therefore easy to lose an audience through offences unintentionally brought up through humor persuasion as compared to non-humor persuasion (Markiewicz, 1974).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Humor and Persuasion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Previous persuasion theories such as magnetic persuasion allow for the source to connect to the receiver by attracting the receiver through communication. The audience of a speaker using magnetic persuasion is always drawn to the orator. With the inclusion of humor, magnetic persuasion can in fact be more powerful since humor immediately eases the tension that could be there amongst the audience. Humor also puts the audience in a good mood which is important if magnetic persuasion is to achieve maximum potency. Since the audience is in a good mood, it is easier for them to connect to the speaker and express themselves; since humor is able to draw in thei r attention and also enhance their receptiveness and responsiveness towards the speaker. Once such a level of rapport is achieved, the source is said to have completely disarmed the audience. Excessive use of humor is however discouraged since it tends to sway the audience from the important issues being discussed. References Chafe, W. (1987). Humor as a disabling mechanism. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol 16, No 30, pp. 16-26. Chaffee, J. (1994). Thinking critically (4th Ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Markiewicz, D. (1974). Effects of Humor on Persuasion. Sociometry, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 407-422. Web. Martin, R. (2007). The psychology of humor: an integrative approach. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mortensen, K. (2006). Increasing Persuasion with Humor. Web. Seiter, E. and Gass, H. (2004). Perspectives on Persuasion, Social Influence, and Compliance Gaining. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Education. This essay on The Effects of Humor and Persuasion was written and submitted by user Ayleen Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Friday, April 10, 2020

Great Gatsby Essay Topics for the New Freshman English Class

Great Gatsby Essay Topics for the New Freshman English ClassI'm working on The Great Gatsby essay topics for my new freshman English class. Since the novel is all about being young and impressionable, I wanted to choose the appropriate one. So far, I have come up with two essays on which I've put the lot of consideration into them.First up is 'The Great Gatsby Theme of the Estate.' I really like the idea of taking a theme from the novel and expounding it to my students. They'll already be familiar with the plot and characters; they just need to see a little more to understand how everything ties together. This would be an interesting topic to review during the unit's review of scenes, dialogue, and expressions.The second essay I've chosen as the Great Gatsby essay topic is 'The Great Gatsby Theme of the Pre-Austrian.' As I mentioned earlier, I've been mulling over the theme for quite some time now. I know that Austen wrote the book before the Second World War; there is a very strong Gatsby influence in her work. However, I want to make sure that the theme I choose fits well with the style of the novel and doesn't take away from it. I believe I've found one that does.Here's a review of a Great Gatsby essay topic that I chose: 'The Great Gatsby Theme of Feudalism.' In this essay, I want to teach my students about an important point of the novel: why the wealthy will often overrule the wishes of the poor. I also want to explain why the Depression can inspire society to a higher form of creative activity. On a lighter note, I would love to explain how the Depression helped me get my class' grades up. It was an embarrassing moment in my history class.The above two essays are just a few of the Great Gatsby essay topics I've found so far. There are many more I can choose from and can even share here. If you have any Great Gatsby topics you would like to share, do let me know!So what are you waiting for? Pick up a copy of the novel and start searching for Great Gatsby essay topics!Here's a hint: Great Gatsby essay topics are coming fast and furious. If you're reading this, you probably have some ideas, so I hope you don't mind sharing them! Share your thoughts below!

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Literary Traits in Araby and AP Essay Example

Literary Traits in Araby and AP Essay Example Literary Traits in Araby and AP Essay Literary Traits in Araby and AP Essay The stories of â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"AP† share the same literary traits from each character which is the protagonist. The main point of the two is that they focus on a young male who is pressured by his conscience to untangle the difference between life’s reality and the fantasies that play in his head. The young man does indeed recognize the difference is what turns him in the direction of an emotional catastrophe. It was obvious that the two young males were rookies in the matter of romance. They did not have the will and strength to share their feelings and emotions with the ladies they were attracted to, but they did evolve from an innocent young male to a level of maturity. One comparison between the stories is the truth that the main character, has made incredible efforts in trying to gain the love and the expectations of their love lady, and mainly focused upon especially toward which he gives all his attention and emotions to. The young men come, â€Å"face to face with the damages of the objection† (Wells, 1993). The rejection that they get in return is too big for them to endure. Updike is well-known for taking works from author’s and shifting them so they replicate a greater modern taste. As the story stays the same, the weather is rare to Updike. The reason why there are similarities, in addition, to change from Joyce’s piece. The three of the most featured views of the two stories over literary component were details, plot, and theme; such as the characteristics of the authors’ works, each of their work provides its own viewpoint upon the young man’s obsession. The descriptive terms are shared by both stories, however, there is a resemblance that occurs with the ending, as well (Doloff 114). The theme of â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"A P† are very similar to one another that the differences are somewhat insignificant to the eye. Both stories start off with a young man who is dealing with one of the toughest life lesso

Monday, March 2, 2020

Conclusion Writing

Conclusion Writing Conclusion Writing Conclusion Writing Conclusion writing is a small part of your college essay, but not less important than introduction. In essay conclusion you answer the question put to college English essay early. Essay conclusion should not be a mere summary of the paper. Essay conclusion should be critical as you are expected to assess what has been accomplished and whether you achieved the objectives set for the essay writing.Conclusion writing may present the reader with the restatement or reinforcement of the main ideas. You need to mention the thesis statement in other words as well. Writing an essay conclusion, you should strive to generalize the whole work and aim to leave an unforgettable impression on the reader. Fortunately, the impression you make is positive. There is legitimate and illegitimate generalization. You generalize legitimately when you try to draw conclusions from the evidence that you have set before the reader. If you generalize in an illegitimate way, you make sweepin g statements for which there is little or no basis. Essay Conclusion WritingAt the end of the essay, a concluding paragraph should briefly and concisely summarize the most important results of your discussion. This is your final opportunity to remind the reader once more of your overall line of argumentation by repeating the thesis statement and by giving a short summary of your results. Furthermore, good concluding paragraphs contain a kind of outlook which transcends the actual findings of your research and places them in a wider context. For example, you could point out the exemplary nature of your essay and how your approach would lead to valuable results when applied to other essay writing. Basically, the outlook should expand the focus and context of your English essay writing, thus demonstrating that your approach possibly could have wider implications that go beyond the limitations of the academic essay at hand.Conclusion Writing TipsAn outline can initially help you to organize and communicate your thoughts effectively. You write essays because they teach you something, not just as an exercise to prove you can write. Writing essays clarifies your thinking and gives you some idea of how well you understand your topic. Turn questions into controversial propositions and question these to raise further issues. Irrelevant material often creeps into essays through your failure to understand what the main issue is. Irrelevant material can be good material that has found its way into the wrong essay or is in the wrong place. You cannot make your points yet ignore relevant research or literature in the field. When you have read potentially useful, but quite confusing material, this is when you are most likely to lose sight of your essay title.

Friday, February 14, 2020

Renting versus Buying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Renting versus Buying - Essay Example a house and actually own it since it is a symbol of one’s identity and association with a place, but this is certainly not possible for everyone given the varying financial conditions and personal limitations. In fact, a vast majority of people in the modern societies have good and valid reasons to rent a house instead of buying one. Owning a house can be a risky business. It requires a lot of investment on the part of the owner and has very less to guarantee that the investment would ultimately prove worth it. If one wants to make money out of the business of property, it is imperative that one waits for as long as the prices of the land and the property rise sufficiently up to promise a handsome profit. In a vast majority of cases, this happens over a long period of time and one has to wait for too long. It requires commitment and devotion. Owning a house is certainly not a wise decision to make if one can not somehow hold on to it for a considerable period of time. It becomes even more disastrous if one had originally decided to get it financed via a bank or any other source of sum. For an individual to sell a house without having to wait for long, who initially made a down payment worth 10% of the total cost, it would be very costly since he/she would be required to part with a considerable percentage in the commissions of the real state. The closing costs to be offered to the seller would be in addition to that. An even lower amount of the down payment would result in an even greater loss to the seller. Such a blow to the seller is large enough to outshine any appreciation gains made over the property over the period of ownership. renting in the present age given the high amount of uncertainty in the political environment all over the world in general and in the third world countries in particular. The emergence of war against the terrorism has destroyed the fundamental political, social and economic status of a lot of countries all over the world. This is

Saturday, February 1, 2020

A Research and Analysis of Returns on the Viability For the Hobbits Assignment

A Research and Analysis of Returns on the Viability For the Hobbits Choice Restaurant - Assignment Example Survey Questions 1. Do you eat at this type of restaurant at least once every two weeks? 2. How many total dollars do you spend per month in restaurants (for your meals only)? 3. How likely would it be for you to patronize this restaurant (new upscale restaurant)? 4. What would you expect an average evening meal entree item alone to be priced? 5. Including children under 18 living with you, what is your family size? 6. To which type of radio programming do you most often listen? 7. Would you describe yourself as a viewer of TV local news? 8. Which newscast do you watch most frequently? 9. Do you read the newspaper? 10. Which section of the local newspaper would you say you read most frequently? 11. Do you subscribe to City Magazine? 12. Prefer Waterfront View 13. Prefer Drive Less than 30 Minutes 14. Prefer Formal Waitstaff Wearing Tuxedos 15. Prefer Unusual Desserts 16. Prefer Large Variety of Entrees 17. Prefer Unusual Entrees 18. Prefer Simple Decor 19. Prefer Elegant Decor 20. Prefer String Quartet 21. Prefer Jazz Combo 22. Year Born 23. What is your highest level of education? 24. What is your marital status? 25. Including children under 18 living with you, what is your family size? 26. Please check the letter that includes the Zip Code in which you live (coded by letter). 27. Which of the following categories best describes your before tax household income? 28. What is your gender? 29. Probable Patron of Hobbit's Choice? 30. Recoded income to $1,000s using midpoints of questionnaire ranges 31. State age

Friday, January 24, 2020

Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide are Morally Correct :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Euthanasia is Morally Correct "The third night that I roomed with Jack in our tiny double room, in the solid-tumor ward of the cancer clinic of the National Institute of Health in Maryland, a terrible thought occurred to me. Jack had a melanoma in his belly, a malignant solid tumor that the doctors guessed was the size of a softball. The doctors planned to remove the tumor, but they knew Jack would soon die. The cancer had now spread out of control. Jack, about 28, was in constant pain, and his doctor had prescribed an intravenous shot, a pain killer, and this would control the pain for perhaps two hours or a bit more. Then he would begin to moan, or whimper, very low, as though he didn't want to wake me. Then he would begin to howl, like a dog. When this happened, he would ring for a nurse, and ask for the pain-killer. The third night of his routine, a terrible thought occurred to me. 'If Jack were a dog, I thought, what would be done to him?' The answer was obvious: the pound, and the chloroform. No human being with a spark of pity could let a living thing suffer so, to no good end." (James Rachel's The Morality of Euthanasia) The experience of Stewart Alsop, a respected journalist, who died in 1975 of a rare form of cancer gave an example on the morality of euthanasia. Before he died, he wrote movingly of his experiences with another terminal patient. Although he had not thought much about euthanasia before, he came to approve of it after sharing a room with Jack. While growing up, each of us learns a large number of rules of conduct. Which rules we learn will depend on the kind of society we live in and the parents and the friends we have. We may learn to be honest, to be loyal, and to work hard. Sometimes we learn a rule without understanding its point. In most cases this may work out, for the rule may be designed to cover ordinary circumstances, but when faced with unusual situations, we may be in trouble. This situation is the same with moral rules. Without understanding the rules, we may come

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Nada

17 ’Childhood is certainly not the happiest time of your life’ It’s about time somebody exploded that hoary old myth about childhood being the happiest period of your life. Childhood may certainly be fairly happy, but it’s greatest moments can’t compare with the sheer joy of being an adult. Who ever asked a six-year-old for an opinion? Children don’t have opinions, or if they do, nobody notices. Adults choose the clothes their children will wear, the books they will read and the friends they will play with. Mother and father are kindly but absolute dictators.This is an adult world and though children may be deeply loved, they have to be manipulated so as not to interfere too seriously with the lives of their elders and betters. The essential difference between manhood and childhood is the same as the difference between independence and subjection. For all the nostalgic remarks you hear, which adult would honestly change places with a child? T hink of the years at school: the years spent living in constant fear of examinations and school reports. Every movement you make, every thought you think is observed by some critical adult who may draw unflattering conclusions about your character.Think of the curfews, the marital law, the times you had to go to bed early, do as you were told, eat disgusting stuff that was supposed to be good for you. Remember how ‘gentle’ pressure was applied with remarks like ‘if you don’t do as I say, I’ll †¦ ’ and a dire warning would follow. Even so, these are only part of a child’s troubles. No matter how kind and loving adults may be, children often suffer from terrible, illogical fears which are the result of ignorance and an inability to understand the world around them. Nothing can equal the abject fear a child may feel in the dark, the absolute horror of childish nightmares.Adults can share their fears with other adults; children invaria bly face their fears alone. But the most painful part of childhood is the period when you begin to emerge from it: adolescence. Teenagers may rebel violently against parental authority, but this causes them great unhappiness. There is a complete lack of self-confidence during this time. Adolescents are over-conscious of their appearance and the impression they make on others. They feel shy, awkward and clumsy. Feelings are intense and hearts easily broken. Teenagers experience moments of tremendous elation or black despair.And through this turmoil, adults seem to be more hostile than ever. What a relief it is to grow up. Suddenly you regain your balance; the world opens up before you. You are free to choose; you have your own place to live in and your own money to spend. You do not have to seek constant approval for everything you do. You are no longer teased, punished or ridiculed by heartless adults because you failed to come up to some theoretical standard. And if on occasion you are teased, you know how to deal with it. You can simply tell other adults to go to hell: you are one yourself. Nada 17 ’Childhood is certainly not the happiest time of your life’ It’s about time somebody exploded that hoary old myth about childhood being the happiest period of your life. Childhood may certainly be fairly happy, but it’s greatest moments can’t compare with the sheer joy of being an adult. Who ever asked a six-year-old for an opinion? Children don’t have opinions, or if they do, nobody notices. Adults choose the clothes their children will wear, the books they will read and the friends they will play with. Mother and father are kindly but absolute dictators.This is an adult world and though children may be deeply loved, they have to be manipulated so as not to interfere too seriously with the lives of their elders and betters. The essential difference between manhood and childhood is the same as the difference between independence and subjection. For all the nostalgic remarks you hear, which adult would honestly change places with a child? T hink of the years at school: the years spent living in constant fear of examinations and school reports. Every movement you make, every thought you think is observed by some critical adult who may draw unflattering conclusions about your character.Think of the curfews, the marital law, the times you had to go to bed early, do as you were told, eat disgusting stuff that was supposed to be good for you. Remember how ‘gentle’ pressure was applied with remarks like ‘if you don’t do as I say, I’ll †¦ ’ and a dire warning would follow. Even so, these are only part of a child’s troubles. No matter how kind and loving adults may be, children often suffer from terrible, illogical fears which are the result of ignorance and an inability to understand the world around them. Nothing can equal the abject fear a child may feel in the dark, the absolute horror of childish nightmares.Adults can share their fears with other adults; children invaria bly face their fears alone. But the most painful part of childhood is the period when you begin to emerge from it: adolescence. Teenagers may rebel violently against parental authority, but this causes them great unhappiness. There is a complete lack of self-confidence during this time. Adolescents are over-conscious of their appearance and the impression they make on others. They feel shy, awkward and clumsy. Feelings are intense and hearts easily broken. Teenagers experience moments of tremendous elation or black despair.And through this turmoil, adults seem to be more hostile than ever. What a relief it is to grow up. Suddenly you regain your balance; the world opens up before you. You are free to choose; you have your own place to live in and your own money to spend. You do not have to seek constant approval for everything you do. You are no longer teased, punished or ridiculed by heartless adults because you failed to come up to some theoretical standard. And if on occasion you are teased, you know how to deal with it. You can simply tell other adults to go to hell: you are one yourself.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Understanding the Flynn Effect and Why It Happens

You’ve probably heard someone lament the state of â€Å"kids today†: that current generations aren’t as smart as the ones that came before them. However, psychologists who study intelligence have found that there isn’t much support for this idea; instead, the opposite may actually be true. Researchers studying the Flynn effect have found that scores on IQ tests have actually improved over time. Below, we’ll review what the Flynn effect is, some possible explanations for it, and what it tells us about human intelligence. What Is the Flynn effect? The Flynn effect, first described  in the 1980s by researcher James Flynn, refers to the finding that scores on IQ tests have increased in the past century.  Researchers studying this effect have found wide support for this phenomenon. One research paper, published by psychologist Lisa Trahan and her colleagues, combined the results of other published studies (which included a total of over 14,000 participants) and found that IQ scores have indeed increased since the 1950s. Although researchers have documented some exceptions, IQ scores have generally increased over time. Trahan and her colleagues observed, â€Å"The existence of the Flynn effect is rarely disputed.† Why Does the Flynn Effect Happen? Researchers have put forward several theories to explain the Flynn effect. One explanation has to do with improvements in health and nutrition. For example, the past century has seen a decrease in  smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy, discontinuation of the use of harmful lead paint, improvements in the prevention and treatment of  infectious diseases, and improvements in nutrition. As Scott Barry Kaufman writes for Psychology Today, â€Å"The Flynn effect serves as a reminder that when we give people more opportunities to prosper, more people do prosper.† In other words, the Flynn effect could be partially due to the fact that, over the twentieth century, we’ve started addressing many of the public health issues that prevented people in earlier generations from reaching their full potential. Another explanation for the Flynn effect has to do with societal changes that have occurred in the past century as a result of the Industrial Revolution. In a TED talk, Flynn explains that the world today is â€Å"a world where weve had to develop new mental habits, new habits of mind.† Flynn has found that IQ scores have increased the most rapidly on questions that ask us to find similarities between different things, and more abstract types of problem solving — both of which are things that we need to do more of in the modern world. Several ideas have been put forward to explain why modern society might lead to higher scores on IQ tests. For example, today, many more of us have demanding, intellectually rigorous jobs. Schools have also changed: whereas a test at school in the early 1900s might have been more focused on memorization, a recent test might be more likely to focus on explaining the reasons for something. Additionally, more people today are likely to finish high school and go on to college. Family sizes tend to be smaller, and it has been suggested that this may allow children to pick up on new vocabulary words while interacting with their parents. It’s even been suggested that the entertainment we consume is more complex today. Trying to understand and anticipate plot points in a favorite book or TV drama may actually be making us smarter. What Can We Learn From Studying the Flynn Effect? The Flynn effect tells us that the human mind is much more adaptable and malleable than we might have thought. It seems that some of our thinking patterns aren’t necessarily innate, but rather things that we learn from our environment.  When exposed to modern industrial society, we think about the world in different ways than our ancestors did. When discussing the Flynn effect in The New Yorker, Malcolm Gladwell writes, â€Å"If whatever the thing is that I.Q. tests measure can jump so much in a generation, it can’t be all that immutable and it doesn’t look all that innate.† In other words, the Flynn effect tells us that IQ may not actually be what we think it is: instead of being a measure of natural, unlearned  intelligence, it’s something that can be shaped by the education we receive and the society we live in. References: Flynn, J. (2013, March). Why our IQ levels are higher than our grandparents’. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/james_flynn_why_our_iq_levels_are_higher_than_our_grandparentsGambino, M. (2012, December 3). Are you smarter than your grandfather? Probably not. Smithsonian. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/are-you-smarter-than-your-grandfather-probably-not-150402883/Gladwell, M. (2007, December 17). None of the above. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/12/17/none-of-the-aboveKaufman, S.B. (2010, August 23). The Flynn effect and IQ disparities among races, ethnicities, and nations: Are there common links? Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/beautiful-minds/201008/the-flynn-effect-and-iq-disparities-among-races-ethnicities-and-nationsLehrer, J. (2011, August 2). Are smart people getting smarter? Wired. https://www.wired.com/2011/08/are-smart-people-getting-smarter/Trahan, L. H., Stuebing, K. K., Fletcher, J. M., Hiscock, M. (2014). The Flynn effect: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140(5), 1332-1360. doi:10.1037/a0037173. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4152423/Winerman, L. (2013, March). Smarter than ever? Monitor on Psychology, 44(3), 30. http://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/03/smarter.aspx