Human Variation: The Filipino Nose Essay

One of the most defining features of Filipinos which sets them apart from other races, if not currently the most defining, is the shape of their nose. Unlike the higher and narrower noses of Caucasians, full-blooded Filipinos bear what the locals would often colloquially refer to as the â€Å"flat nose†. There is a wide variety in the types of nose shapes a person may acquire. Being a polygenic trait, genetics play a very big role how an individual’s nose will turn out. One of the most defining features of Filipinos which sets them apart from other races, if not currently the most defining, is the shape of their nose. Unlike the higher and narrower noses of Caucasians, full-blooded Filipinos bear what the locals would often colloquially refer to as the â€Å"flat nose†. There is a wide variety in the types of nose shapes a person may acquire. Being a polygenic trait, genetics play a very big role how an individual’s nose will turn out. Thousands of years of living in Southeast Asia had kept our noses lower and wider to better adapt to the hot and humid climates of a tropical country. (Raymond, 2011) That being the case, it is inevitable that the Filipino’s nose will be shorter than those who had to live with the cold, unless they had a Caucasian parent or ancestor who passed them down a different set of genes than their peers. To inherit the Caucasian’s fine nose is normally seen as a â€Å"blessing† in the Filipino society as it is believed to greatly enhance one’s beauty. Pango, sarat, dapalong (dapa ilong). These are only few of the derogatory terms for a person who was deemed unfortunate to have a small nose, whereas those graced with a higher nose are called artistahin. Influences of Western colonizers may possibly be how Filipinos came to think tall or high noses are more attractive or, conversely, that flatter noses are inferior. The colonizers had more than enough time to ingrain the idea that they are the superior race. Aside from such conditioning, most people seek what it is they do not have, and this does apply to the Filipinos’ desire for taller noses. Because of the negative view on flat noses, many had gone to cosmetic surgeons to finally achieve their desired nose shapes. People who had less money to spare alleviate their nose’s â€Å"unsightliness† through the use of cosmetics, particularly by applying nose lines which can give the illusion of a narrower nose. There are even those who pinch their noses in hopes that it will grow higher. Ingenious and amusing as it is, this sort of behavior can be considered maladaptive. It is better to use one’s resources in working with what we consider as a flaw instead of working to change it. If one cannot learn to love one’s self for as simple thing as a flat nose, it would prove very difficult to love yourself when society’s impossible standards keep depreciating your true value. References Raymond, Joan. â€Å"The Shape of a Nose. † Scientific American 16 Aug. 2011: n. pag. 16 Aug. 2011. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. .

Biology Investigation

Biology Investigation Aim: to investigate the effects of light and gravity on the growth of sunflower seeds. Background Info: Tropism is directional movement in response to a directional stimulus eg light or gravity. Plants are not able to relocate if they happen to start growing where conditions are nor perfect but they can alter their growth towards more favorable conditions. Plants respond to light (phototropism) where the stems grow towards the light and the roots grow away from the light. They also respond to gravity (geotropism) where the stems grow away from the ground and the roots grow towards the ground.Tropisms are controlled by auxins – a family of hormones that promote (and sometimes inhibit) growth. Sunflower seeds need regular watering in order to provide sufficient nutrients and ensure healthy and efficient growth. Hypothesis: I hypothesise that whatever orientation the seed is placed in, the shoot will always be positively phototropic and the root will always be positively geotropic, due to the basic laws of tropism. Risk Assessment: Hazard| Risk| Precautions/Disposal| Test tube breakage| Glass may cause injury to eyes or skin. | Be cautious when handling test tube; wear safety equipment such as safety glasses and gloves.Place in glass bin. | Puncturing boxes with scissors| Scissors may injure someone if there is an accident. | Assign somebody to hold the box steadily while they are being punctured. | Using forceps| May injure skin. | Hold forceps steady and try to avoid contact with skin. | Equipment: Geotropism * 4x large test tube * 4x filter paper * 4x sunflower seed * 1x test tube rack Phototropism * 1x cardboard box * 4x sunflower seed * 1x pair of scissors * 1x forceps * 4x test tube * 4x filter paper * 1x test tube rack Variables: Geotropism * Independent variable: orientation of sunflower seed Dependant variable: direction of growth of sunflower seed shoot and root * Constant variables: the test tube in which the seeds are kept, the place the test tube rack sits, the orientation of each seed Phototropism * Independent variable: orientation of sunflower seed, place of light source * Dependant variable: direction of growth of sunflower seed shoot and root * Constant variables: the box in which the seeds are kept, the place the box sits, the orientation of each seed, the materials used (filter paper, large test tube, test tube rack) Experimental Control: GeotropismOne of the test tubes was set up with a sunflower seed and the shoot facing up, the natural orientation. Phototropism A cardboard box was set up with hole punctures in the top and sides to allow light to get to the plants from all directions. Method: Geotropism * Collect equipment * Set up 4 large test tubes in a test tube rack and label them A, B, C and D. * Soak the 4 filter papers under water * Roll up one filter paper and place in test tube A, along with the sunflower seed shoot facing up to be the control. * Repeat step 4 but with test tube B, with the sunflower seed shoot facing down. Repeat step 4 but with test tube C, with the sunflower seed shoot facing right. * Repeat step 4 but with test tube D, with the sunflower seed shoot facing left. 1. Place in an area with adequate natural light 2. Water every day for 5 days, taking observations on the direction and length of growth on the seeds. Phototropism 1. Collect equipment 1. Set up 4 large test tubes in a test tube rack 1. Soak the 4 filter papers in water 1. Roll up filter paper and place in test tubes, along with the sunflower seeds with all shoots facing upward. 1. Label 3 cardboard boxes as 1. control, 2. eft, 3. right 1. Puncture 10 holes in both sides and the top of box 1 2. Puncture 10 holes in the left side of box 2 3. Puncture 10 holes in the right side of box3 4. Place a test tube rack in each box 5. Place in an area with adequate natural light 6. Water every day for 5 days, taking observations on the direction and length of growth on the seeds. Discussion Du ring the experiment, it was observed that sunflower seed shoots, regardless of their orientation, will almost always grow towards the light. Likewise, the root of the seeds will almost always grow towards the ground.This trend is due to the auxins in the plant, hormones that promote growth. When a seed is placed sideways, unnaturally, the auxins in the plant stimulate growth in the shoot to still curve upward towards the light, and in the root to curve downward towards the ground. The accuracy of this experiment was sound. The equipment used was the same for all groups and was reasonably suitable to the experiment as it allowed easily observable results, for example the glass test tubes allowed us to watch our seeds grow each day. However, watering the plants was not undertaken every day, affecting the overall accuracy.Having a specific required amount of water to water the plants each day would have been beneficial to the accuracy of the experiment. The reliability of this experime nt was poor. Most observations were not consistent. In many geotropism experiments, there were shoots that did not curve all the way down to the ground. This could have been due to the limited space they had between the glass of the test tube and the filter paper. The validity of this experiment was also poor. The constant variables were not very well controlled; the place in which the apparatus was set up changed, which meant different environmental conditions for the plants.The weather also changed every day, especially on Saturday when it was 41 degrees. This would have had an impact on the growth of the plants, and a burnt filter paper was observed, which could have been a result of the hot weather. The significant rise in temperature should have been predicted prior to the end of the school week so a more controlled environment could be created for the plants to have a consistent area to thrive in. To improve the accuracy and reliability of this experiment, a clearer and more s pecific method should be undertaken and a better set up of apparatus should be hought up to give the seeds more room to grow. However, the aim of investigating the effects of light and gravity on the growth of sunflower seeds was answered. This experiment is beneficial to society as it may assist gardeners, florists, other biologists etc in growing plants efficiently. Conclusion: Based on observations, our hypothesis of the shoot always being positively phototropic and the root being positively geotropic was supported, bringing us to the conclusion that light and gravity have a major impact on the growth of sunflower seeds no matter what the orientation.This is controlled by the auxins that respond to the light and gravity, promoting growth in the shoot of the seed to grow toward the light, and the root of the seed to grow toward the ground. Bibliography: Kimball, J W 2011,  Tropisms, viewed 27 November, 2012,  . Unknown, 2001,  Plant Hormones, viewed 27 November, 2012,  Ã‚  >.

Tort Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tort Law - Coursework Example Before this case, if a professional person made a statement to another, and the other person relied upon this statement, the only remedy for this would be a remedy in contract, not in tort.2 Hedley Byrne changed this basic rule, and now parties may recover for purely economic loss, even if there is not a contractual relationship. The facts in Hedley are similar to the case at bar. In Hedley, Hedley Byrne was a firm of advertising agents with a customer, Easipower Ltd., who put in a large order. Hedley carried out this large order, but not before it got a report from the Heller & Partners Ltd. Bank regarding Easipower’s creditworthiness. The bank replied that Easipower was creditworthy, Hedley relied upon this statement, gave Easipower its orders, Easipower went out of business, and Hedley Byrne lost  £17,000 on the deal. Hedley Byrne sued Heller & Partners for their statement. Heller replied that there was not a duty of care, and that liability was excluded. What the Hedley court found was that there was a special relationship between the parties, and the court found that the special relationship was formed because the defendant reasonably should have known that the plaintiff would rely upon the statements that they gave to them. This foreseeable reliance creates a special relationship. Since the decision in Hedley, the UK courts have expanded upon the definition of special relationship and what would give rise to an action in negligence, with regards to people who are professionals. For instance, 3expanded upon the Hedley principle, and stated that if something is common practice, then it is not unreasonable to rely upon the word of that professional, as opposed to being expected to get a second opinion. Moreover, the Smith case expanded the Hedley principle to third parties. However, the Hedley principle is not absolute. For instance, in Caparo Industries plc. V. Dickman4 , a company who was pursuing a takeover relied upon an auditor’s statements

Apple's climb back from the depths of bankruptcy Essay

Apple's climb back from the depths of bankruptcy - Essay Example To rescue the company from this mess, the marketing manager ought to have used marketing mix appropriately as follow:- Apple should have used the correct promotional mix for their product. This mix concerns how the Apple should have made their product known to the market. This involves the use of advertisements, direct selling, public relations and sales promotion. When an appropriate promotion is used to make the product to be known to the market, it creates a big impact on the sales since customers will be aware of the existence of the product and they will not only buy it but also recommend it to their friends and relatives. The kind of a product that will be produced by Apple creates a very big impact on the sales. For this case, product planning and marketing for Apple should be done appropriately to ensure the concern of the market is addressed. Apple Company should have ensured their products are distributed on time to the market so that they are available at the market when they are needed by the customers. For this case, the distribution channel to be used by the company plays a big impact on the success of the company. Apple Company must have ensured their products were distributed to a wide geographical location to increase the market share. Why do you think companies like Sony, which were already well known for Walkman and Discman technologies did not move into the MP3 player market more quickly Why was it left to Apple to aggressively move into the digital music player and distribution market Before a company can move to a new technology, they must weigh a number of options like the impact the technology would have on the industry. For this case, companies such as Sony which was well known for Walkman and Discman technologies could not move into the MP3 player market without first of all knowing the impact the technology would have on the music industry. By conducting a feasibility study on the impact the new technology would have in the market, it ensured that they were aware what the market needs and wants were and it would also have given them a chance to clear out the stock of their old products. If Sony just moved into the MP3 player market without being sure of the impact, it would have been risky for them since before a technology is accepted in the market, it might take some time and sales would have been low. Having waited for the technology to be accepted in the market, it ensured that their market share and sales would remained high. Question 3 The average cost of an iPOd nano with 8MB memory is 125. The average cost of a Creative Zen Micro with 8MB is 85. Both play digital music and both are equally rated on sound quality and battery duration. So what explains a huge price premium The prices that have been set for the two products seem to be different with a difference of 40 whereas they have the same capacity. For a company to have a high market share for their product, they must ensure that they have a number of brands each having different price with the other. There are customers who associate prices with quality. They believe that the high the price,

New Worlds development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New Worlds development - Essay Example This is more significant as they all hoped to find the wealth as they responded with a mixture of diplomacy and violence to the native people. In addition, they all had an intention to introduce Protestantism among the Americans as they built churches in their colonial areas. The goals of the Spanish, French, and English differed as they had different reasons for colonizing of America. France focus was on the economic trade in America would have on their nation while the English focused on the deep desire to explore the new world in America and expand its nation’s territory (Cheyney, 2004). The Spanish, on the contrary, concentrated on inhabiting the land, besides achieving economic superiority over other European nations. The Spanish colonies were different from the English and French colonies as it developed large and expensive colonial bureaucracies. These bureaucracies eventually led to individual proprietors that in turn played a large role in development of English and French colonies. On the contrary, English and French colonies played a more significant as they brought change that led to a greater regional variety in economic, social, cultural, and political institutions structure, especially in regions of English colonies (Bulliet & Kyle, 2010). It is therefore, significant that the Spanish, English, and French colonies brought a lot of change during their colonization of America that describes the new world developments. Bulliet, R. & Kyle, P. (2010). Crossley the Earth and its peoples a global history. New York: Cengage Learning. Cheyney, E. (2004). European Background of American History. New York: Kessinger

Self-build Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Self-build - Dissertation Example Findings revealed that the self-builders are satisfied with most of their projects’ aspects and all share a desire to promote self-building to other families. However, self-builders find the planning and permission gathering process tedious and tend to consume much of their time, money, and energy. Therefore, policy reforms regarding planning and permissions are suggested to alleviate the hardships that self-builders face even at the early stages of the project. Most importantly, the study revealed that planning is a significant component of self-building which primarily influences cost and build time. Self-builders should therefore, take it incumbent upon themselves to put the same effort to planning as they would the actual building. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Table of Contents 2 List of Figures 3 Chapter 1 – INTRODUCTION 4 Chapter 2 – EVALUATION OF SELF-BUILD CONSTRUCTION METHODS 7 Chapter 3 – REVIEW OF THE PROCESS OF SELF BUILDING 14 Looking / Finding Land 15 Financing the Self-Build Project 15 Designing the Self-Build Project 16 Planning the Self-Build Project 16 Choosing the Building System 17 Project Management 19 Compliance with Building Regulations 20 Building Contract 22 Compliance to Health and Safety 23 Materials and Scheduling 23 Chapter 4 – ANALYSIS OF THE PILOT STUDY DATA 26 Chapter 5 – CONCLUSION 43 REFERENCES 45 Appendix 1 – SURVEY INSTRUMENT 48 List of Figures Figure 1: Greatest Motivation to Self-Build 27 Figure 2: How Land was Availed of for the Self-Build Project 28 Figure 3: Factors which Facilitated Availment of Land for Self-Build Project 29 Figure 4: Early Problems Encountered in Self-Build 30 Figure 5: Type of Land / Plot Purchased or Used 31 Figure 6: Mortgage Type Availed 32 Figure 7: Build System Used 33 Figure 8: Total Floor Area 34 Figure 9: Status of Self-Build Home 35 Figure 10: Self-Build Project Budget 36 Figure 11: Percent of Budget Covered by Loan 37 Figure 12: Pers on Who Handled the Self-Build Project 38 Figure 13: Build Time 39 Figure 14: Level of Satisfaction on the Outcome of the Self-Build Project 40 Figure 15: Suggested Self-Build Reforms 41 Chapter 1 – INTRODUCTION The construction industry in the United Kingdom provides employment to about 2.4 million people. The sector contributed 8 per cent to the UK Gross Domestic Product. The construction sector also supports all other industries and government services in the UK in terms of their dominant role in the establishment of buildings and infrastructure. This may yet be a signal that as of 2010, the construction sector is springing back up from the slump in 2009 precipitated by the deepening recession (The Construction Industry Training Board, 2010). A review of the construction output reported by Office for National Statistics (2011), however, revealed that total output from the sector dropped by 18.3 per cent in February of this year, from last quarter figures. New work output de creased by 19.1 per cent, while repair and maintenance plummeted by 16.8 per cent. The largest decrease in construction output was in new work for private housing at 23.3 per cent. This documented decline may well be a consequence of the problem of housing affordability which Riley (2005) forecasted to be getting worse in the coming years. The government lost no time in implementing interventions to ease out

Elasticity of Demand and Price Sensitivity Essay

Elasticity of Demand and Price Sensitivity - Essay Example The table, formula or graph do not change when price changes. Demand for a product and the quantity demanded for the same product are two different terms. The former is a relationship and the latter is an amount. (Bromley, 2004). One way of maximisation of revenue is to increase the price of the product. But, in business, elasticity of demand has a major role to play. Increase in prices leads to a decrease in quantity demanded. This concept of sensitivity to price may be effectively put to use by cutting prices and inflating the quantity demanded. The cutting down of prices attracts even the uninterested public to become a part of the market and motivates them to become consumers of the product or service. Hence, the best way of revenue maximisation is price reduction. (Biz/Ed, 2005). Pricing strategies in any type of business is best decided when the owners have a good understanding of the market. They should have first hand information on the relationship between change in price and its consequent impact on the revenue. An analysis on the behaviour of markets will lead to a classification of different market structures. The number of participants in a particular market or industry and the extent to which they participate is the main criteria for classification of markets. (AmosWeb Encyclonimic Web*pedia, 2006). Perfect competition is achieved when there are large number of participants on both sides of the market (buyers and sellers) and no interference by any private or public firm. One of the basic market structures is monopoly which comes from the Greek word "monos" which means one and "polein" which means to sell. In this case, there is only a single seller. This is characterised by a lack of economic competition and lack of substitutes for the good or service provided by the monopolist. (AmosWeb Encyclonimic Webopedia, 2006). Monopolies may be artificially created by government involvement. Or there may be single entry to a resource. Economies of scale or one firm out-competing all other firms constantly are also some reasons for monopolies to exist. Monopolistic competition is the most common market form. Markets for books, clothing, films and service industries in large cities are often monopolies. Selling of bikes is considered as a monopolistic competition. This logic stands because of the presence of a large number of segments in motor bike industry despite the presence of a number of companies producing motor bikes. Each segment is viewed as a different product with each of the segment being lead by one or two major producers. Technology, efficiency and price are the three factors that decide the segment and its type. Hence if we look into the given scenario, we can see that VENOM developed Flexibikes at a much lower cost and were ultimately in a position to rule the new found segment. Bilateral monopoly exists when there is one seller and one buyer in the market. The labor market in such a case is well unionized. Another market structure is the oligopoly which is a market dominated by a small number of sellers called the oligopolist. The term oligopoly is taken from the Greek

LAND LAW (Writer MUST HOLD LAW DEGREE and have experiance in making Essay

LAND LAW (Writer MUST HOLD LAW DEGREE and have experiance in making land law assignments) - Essay Example On further investigation the bank manager confirms that over the years the bank have even maintained this area of the car park for example gritting it in the bad weather and installing security cameras on the wall so that the cars are well protected. The bank manager informed Tracey that the bank employees were always in the car park before the supermarket shoppers, so the shoppers have never used this part of the car park. Tracey has also been informed by the bank manager that as far as he is concerned the land belongs to the bank and Safebury Plc was in no position to sell it to Tracey. With reference to relevant legal authority advise Tracey whether it is possible that the bank could have acquired the land through adverse possession. The land in question is unregistered. The issue in respect of the first part of the question requires an analysis on the law of adverse possession and its operation in respect of unregistered land. It has been said that the law on adverse possession i s pecuniary as it allows a trespasser to obtain a better title to land than the lawful owner of the property. The principle upon which the better claim is acquired is that of limitation of actions, meaning that the person who brings a claim in respect of the property becomes statute batted against the adverse possessor for recovery of possession. Thus, due to relativity of tile the adverse possessor because of him being in actual possession has the best claim in respect of the land. Under s.75 of the LRA 1925 a registered proprietor of an estate holds it on trust for the successful adverse possessor pending registration of him as the new proprietor. This can be seen from the case of Central London Commercial Estates Ltd. v. Kato Kogaku Ltd.1 whereby leasehold was held on trust for the squatter with the benefits as well as burdens of the leas being kept intact. In respect of unregistered land the limitation period has been held to be 12 years from the time of the squatter coming into adverse possession of the land. (s. 15 of the Limitation Act 1980). Therefore the moment of adverse possession the limitation period starts. In respect of LRA 2002, if an adverse possessor has not applied for registration his interest would constitute to be an overriding interest in respect of a new proprietor if the adverse possessor is in actual occupation of the land when the new proprietor applies for registration. Therefore if the person goes out of possession even though he has completed his period, there would be no right against the new proprietor. Under the LRA 2002 there is no limitation of actions and there is a right of registration granted to an adverse possessor after 10 years of adverse possession (Schedule 6 of the LRA 2002). There are certain exceptional circumstances and apart from that the true registered proprietor is provided with a period of two year to recover possession, otherwise the squatter can reapply and be registered as the new owner. The establishment of adverse possession is an important aspect which will not be considered. The law on this is the same that is for unregistered and registered land. The attempt to codification of this was attempted at in the Court of Appeal’s decision in Buckinghamshire CC v. Moran2. Therefore, what is required is

The cultural ideology of Victorian America Essay

The cultural ideology of Victorian America - Essay Example Some of these beliefs that placed a woman in a certain sphere that was oppressive to the working class women included purity, submissiveness, domesticity, and religiousness. Purity required that a woman was to preserve her virginity until she got married. Any woman that could not do so was seen as valueless and dirty. Submissiveness based on the fact that God made men superior to women, therefore, an ideal woman was to be submissive to her husband as a small child would be for a grown up and obey all the commands that she got from her husband. As for domesticity, a woman was considered the most important one at home as long as domestic work was concerned. She was to cook, feed, do the laundry and clean the house for her husband and children. When it came to religiousness, a religious woman was more ideal for a man compared to a smart woman. This is because they believed religion did not make a woman change and make her leave her sphere like an intelligent woman who would change and q uestion the authority of men and authority in the society (Peiss 78). There are some factors that led to the sphere separation. First, there was industrialization fwhich brought many changes to society. The beginning of industrialization saw a shift in energy use. Men were required to leave their homes and go work in the factories. This meant that the women were left behind in their homes to attend to domestic works and take care of the families. The second contribution to the separate sphere was , biological capabilities. There was a permanent belief that there is some type of jobs that were suited for men and some for women. Women were seen as helpers to men and their duty was to serve men and please them. They were seen with a major task of reproduction and taking care of the children. Other factors that led to separate sphere where, confining of women in their own sphere by legal prohibition that were against women taking professions such as law and medicine and further forbiddi ng women from taking higher education. Despite all these hindering factors, women found strength amongst them through the separate sphere, by reaching out to other women in solidarity, sisterhood in the same ground. The cult of domesticity was a value system that got popularity amongst the middle class and the upper class in the 19th century in the U.S and Britain. Since there was separation of public and private spheres, women’s power and status in public declined but they gained power in the private atmosphere and homes. This system had many negative effects, since women were kept from participating in market labor and their services were to be voluntary and free. It made it as a burden for the woman in case she lost her husband through death. This meant she had to start from the bottom to search for food for her and her children. It is through this value system that women were seen as better in parenting. Some of the two notable ballroom dances are Waltz dance and Polka da nce. The waltz dance originated in Germany, moved to France, England then United States. In the 19th century, it was the most common couple dancing style. Waltz dance was related to the romantic nature of the 19th century. Another notable dancing was the polka dancing style, a folk dance which originated from Bohemia, passed in France, England t

Home work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Home work - Essay Example Nonetheless, the expos expanded the countries’ economies by opening them up to the international arena (â€Å"China’s Economic Miracle,† 2008). Environmental problems are inherent in the two countries although Japan faced its challenges after war while China experiences environmental problems and challenges to date. Critics point out that China puts economic advancements at the behest of its environment. In effect, this has led to Beijing acquiring the name â€Å"Greyjing† as an indication of the amount of pollution experienced in the city. In a similar way, Japan faced criticism over the photochemical pollution experienced in Tokyo in the early 70s, which was due to industrial developments without considering the consequences on the environment. Despite disparate political institutions, the path towards economic growth in China is similar to the Japanese approach towards growth. Consequently, there is an indication that China may face challenges characterized by a slowdown in its economy, similar to Japan’s, if the country failed to adopt approaches aimed at lessening the effects of an economic slump. In effect, the failure to implement approaches that addressed the challenges faced by an economic slump will ensure that China’s economic progress slowed in a similar way to Japan’s due to their similarities in economic growth. Popularly known as MCB, Monfort College of Business is the leading college in terms of the value it creates. In this case, the college provides an excellent learning environment that was better than the environment provided by its peers. Using high technology to support its curriculum, the college produces graduates by preparing them for the competitive job market in the United States. To achieve this, the college affiliates itself with the business community in order to provide students with hands-on experiences by providing the students a chance to have a professional overview of their future

Lab Report Essay Example for Free

Lab Report Essay Heat it to 90 C and hold this temperature for 10 minutes. 2. Cool it to 50 C in a bath of ice water. 3. Shake the culture bacteria to free it from lumps and add to the milk. 4. Transfer the inoculated milk into the beaker or jar. Cover. 5. Incubate the milk for 4 hours at 43 to 46 degrees until clotted. Clotting of milk indicates the bacteria utilized the sugars and underwent fermentation. 6. Chill for 1 – 2 hours 7. Stir the yogurt to make the texture smooth. 8. Package and consume III. Results and Discussion Kind of Milk| Taste| Color| Texture| Smell| Low- fat milk| Yogurt-like| Beige| Smooth| Sour| Full-cream milk| Very Sour| Beige| Thick| Very sour| In the table above, the reason why there were only 2 kinds of milk is because 2 groups used low fat milk and the other 2 used full-cream milk. As being compared from the table above, using full-cream milk caused the taste and the smell of the product (yogurt) to be extra sour. Yogurt is naturally sour because of the acid present in it. Also, the full-cream milk caused the texture to be thicker compared to the yogurt used with low-fat milk. Even though different kinds of milk were used, the color of the yogurt was the same, which was Beige. IV. Conclusion Based on the given results and discussion of the data, the characteristics (taste, color, texture, and smell) of the yogurt will depend on what kind of milk will be used for the yogurt making process. V. Recommended If one were to do the same experiment above, the group would recommend that they use low-fat milk to make their own yoghurt.

Greek tragedy Essay Example for Free

Greek tragedy Essay A view from the bridge is a powerful play about two immigrants that cross the American border from Italy, illegally. The play is set in the nineteen thirties to the nineteen fifties right after the Second World War. It also has striking similarities with Greek tragedy, being linear and having a chorus, or narrator (Alfieri). Eddie, the tragic protagonist has a fatal flaw (his improper love of, and almost obsession with, Catherine) and the final climax at the end of the play is another feature of this style. Alfieri plays a huge part in maintaining the audiences dramatic interest; he is like the chorus in a Greek tragedy always reminding the audience of the tragedy. He holds the play together without actually taking much part in the action, however his real job is to unfold the play to the audience, he influences our audience and keeps us hooked onto the play, as though it was a cliff-hanger, the audience, including me, believe Alfieri because he is a lawyer and he knows the most. The bridge represents Alfieri, he is a link between Italians and Americans, Eddie and Rodolpho, he has equal opinions on them both and does not take sides; he is very un-bias. It seems that Alfieri is drowned in stress and needs someone to talk to that is why he talks to the audience at certain intervals of the play. Its also as though Alfieri is retelling the play as he mostly speaks in past tense. Alfieri really begins to introduce drama to the play in his chat with Eddie before the boxing scene; this is a really tense conversation between them both as Eddie starts to reveal his true feelings for Catherine without realising himself. You also begin to realise how easily the situation is flowing when Alfieri redeems himself powerless to stop anything from happening. Alfieri makes us feel as though there will be a terrible ending, I watched it coming, step after step, this makes the audience feel as though there will be a violent ending. This creates dramatic irony as we know something the characters dont; also building tension and suspense the longer we wait for the dramatic climax of the play. Eddie Carbone plays the largest part in creating drama before the end of act one, he creates conflict and reveals his hate for Rodolpho. On the other hand Marco develops his understanding that Eddie doesnt approve of Rodolphos feelings for Catherine. Eddie likes to assert himself as the alpha male, and a man in Eddies eyes is a hard working, physically strong family man, and Marco has all of these features, he is working hard to support his family and when he lifts the chair that Eddie cannot, this shows that Marco is physically strong, and it seems Eddie respects Marco, but sees him as a threat to his position in the Carbone family. Eddie also finds other ways to create drama in the scene. Lemons are green is the small contribution that Rodolpho makes to the conversation between Marco and Eddie, Eddies reply towards Rodolpho, I know lemons are green, for Christ sake is quite vicious and makes it quite obvious he doesnt like Rodolpho and makes it quite awkward for Marco to talk to Eddie as though nothing is wrong. This adds some tension to the scene. Also, Eddie begins to imply that Rodolpho aint right, this quite obviously means that Eddie think Rodolpho is gay when really he is just looking for any excuse for Catherine not to be with him. During the long talk about Rodolphos skills and attributes Eddie says But if I could cook, if I could sing, if I could make dresses, I wouldnt be on the water-front and I would be like in a dress store. In the actual play Eddie repeats the first sentence three times, as though an obvious attempt to stress to his family that he aint right. You can tell this by what he says after I would be like in a dress store, this is blatantly a womans job however cooking, singing and dancing was considered gay in the 1950s. You can see that Marco is unimpressed by what Eddie is trying to imply. [Uneasily]. This stage direction proves that Marcos reaction to what he has implied about his brother is negative and he is uneasy to talk to Eddie at all, or that he knows what is coming when Eddie asks What do you say, Marco, we go to the bouts next Saturday night. You never seen a fight, did you? Eddies mind is also quite obviously filled with violence and hatred, and it is blatant that he purposely wants Rodolpho to fight because he asks him after having the opportunity to ask his brother first. This also creates tension in the scene as we know what it is all building up too and we are eager to see how it unfolds. Furthermore, during the fight Eddie says to Rodolpho It also seems that Eddies sexual jealousy has coloured his thoughts as he chooses to insult Marco by implying that his wife is cheating whilst he works in America, this is a very tense moment as we are unaware of how Marco will react to this comment and how this may affect his relationship with Eddie, this furthermore builds tension in the scene. Eddie also feels betrayed by Catherine, he has raised her as his own and he treats her like his daughter, he feels that by Catherine wanting to marry Rodolpho and living her own life that she is being ungrateful for all that he has done for her. He feels that Catherine owes him a living. All the way during the boxing scene, you get this vivid sense of pressure building up in Eddie. It seems to me that Eddie offers Rodolpho to a boxing match to release his anger after watching him and Catherine dance to a very symbolic song, paper doll. When Eddie first asks Rodolpho to dance, strong tension is built within the audience, because we have already been hinted by Alfieri that something bad is going to happen, and this is the ideal moment for this to happen. Eddie says to Rodolpho, Come on kid, you cant hurt me. This is ironic because although Rodolpho may not possess the strength to physically hurt Eddie, his is causing him mass amounts of emotional pain, just sharing feelings with Catherine. The stage directions also have a huge effect in this part of the play, He has bent the rolled paper and it suddenly tears in two. This tells the audience that Eddie has had enough of Rodolpho, and that all his anger and true feelings for Catherine are boiling over. Also this hints to the Audience that something bad is about to happen, because Eddie twisting the newspaper in two pieces shows that it has all become too much for him and he has to let his anger out. This creates dramatic tension within the audience as we wait for something to happen. The way Catherine acts towards Eddie could have triggered this sudden outburst; normally Catherine is really obedient towards Eddie and does what he says, she sees him as her father and him his daughter.

Quality of Life in Cervical Cancer Patients in India

Quality of Life in Cervical Cancer Patients in India Abstract Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in India. Understanding quality of life (QOL) in women undergoing chemo-radiotherapy for cervical cancer. It will help in introducing interventions for better care and outcomes in these women. This study assessed the QOL before and after chemo-radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients. Methods: This follow up study was undertaken at Dr. B.R.A Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital(IRCH), AIIMS, New Delhi, India. Sixty seven newly diagnosed women with advanced cervical cancer (stage 2b to 4b) were included to assess the change in QOL after treatment . Structured questionnaires on Quality of Life (The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CX24) were used. QOL was assessed before initiation and after 6 months of treatment. Results The mean age of women at the time of detection of cervical cancer was 52.28 ±11.29 years (Range 30-75 years). Squamous cell carcinoma was found to be the most common cell type (97%). Six months survival was 92.53% The mean global health score of cervical cancer patients after six months of treatment was 59.52, which was significantly higher than the pre treatment score of 50.15 (p=0.00007). Physical, cognitive and emotional functioning (p Conclusions Recommendations QOL of newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients significantly improved following chemo-radio therapy. Enhancement was also demonstrated on three of the five functional scales of EORTC QLQ-C30. To further improve QOL, interventions focusing on social and psychological support and physical rehabilitation may be needed. Keywords: Cervical cancer; Quality of Life; Chemo-radiotherapy INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in many developing countries. Besides contributing significantly to mortality rates, it leads to the loss of productive life due to prolonged disability.1The absolute burden is expected to increase in future unless effective preventive measures are undertaken. Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women with nearly 528,000 new cases reported in 2012.2 Nearly 85% of the global burden occurs in the less developed regions, where it accounts for almost 12% of all female cancers. High-risk regions, with estimated (Age standardized rate) ASRs over 30 per 100,000 include Eastern Africa (42.7), Melanesia (33.3), Southern (31.5) and Middle (30.6) Africa. There were an estimated 266,000 deaths from cervical cancer worldwide in 2012, accounting for 7.5% of all female cancer deaths.2 Cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers among Indian women with estimated 123000 new cases and 67477 deaths in 2012.2Cancer is preventable and curable if detected at an early stage.The five year survival rate of cervical cancer when diagnosed at the earliest stage is 92% and the combined 5 year survival rate of all stages is71%3. It is currently believed that the persistent infection with one of the 15 oncogenic types of Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the central and necessary cause of almost all cervical cancers and its precursor, cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN). A proportion of CIN, if not detected and treated, progress to invasive cervical carcinoma over a period of 10-20 years owing to the effect of other cofactors.4,5Unfortunately, despite the availability of methods for prevention and early diagnosis, many women in India have never been screened for cervical cancer. Though the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer has been developed, there are important consequences from the disease and its treatment among survivors, especially the impact on quality of life (QOL).Somefunctional disorders occur following therapies such as surgery, which involves the female genital anatomy affecting directly their perception of body image and sexual functions; radiotherapy which could damage the vaginal mucosa and epithelium; and chemotherapy which could induce various adverse effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, mucositis, weight changes and hormonal changes. Variouspsychological factors including low self-esteem, changes in self-image, beliefs about the origin of cancer, marital tensions, fears and worries can affect the patients.6 Need to measure QOL has become important due to broadening concept of measuring health status beyond traditional indicators such as mortality and morbidity.Assessing QOL is potentially valuable in identifying pa tients’ problems and discovering the challenges and planning for the health systems. Taking into account the impact of early screening methods on long term survival of cancer patients, studies assessing QOL and its related factorshave become critical.Limited studies have been done to evaluate QOL among cervical cancer survivorsdiagnosed in advanced stages. This studyassessed the QOL in such patients before and after treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a follow-up study conducted atDr. B.R.A Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital(IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.67 female patients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer attending IRCH between 1st January 2014 and 30th June 2014 were recurited. The inclusion criteria were all women who were newly registered and diagnosed cases of cervical cancer of any histological type and advanced cancer stages (2b to 4b). Critically ill patients, those not willing to give informed consent and those who underwent surgery and did not require radiotherapy and chemotherapy were excluded. All consecutive cervical cancer patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria during the six month period were eligible for recruitment. Quality of life of the study subjects was assessed using the questionnaires developed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of cancer (EORTC) QLQ-30 and EORTC QLQ-CX24.7-11 a) EORTC QLQ- CX30 The EORTC QLQ-C30 is a questionnaire developed in 1993 to assess the quality of life of generic cancer patients. It has been translated and validated into several languages including Hindi and has been used in numerous studies worldwide. These questionnaires have been undergone extensive testing in multicultural and multidisciplinary research settings, and have been confirmed to be a reliable and valid tool. The EORTC QLQ C-30 questionnaire comprises of 30 questions assessing functioning viz. physical, role, cognitive, emotional, social; symptoms viz. fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, financial difficulty; and a global health status score which assesses the overall QOL. b) EORTC QLQ-CX24 EORTC Quality of Life Group has adopted a modular approach to QOL assessment for overcoming the limitations of generic tool and for disease specific treatment measurements. Consequenty, modules specific to tumor site locations, management modality, or a QOL dimension have been developed that are administered in addition to the core questionnaire. The EORTC QLQ CX-24 is a complementary questionnaire specific for cervical cancer patients that consists of 24 questions categorized as functional scales viz. body image, sexual activity, sexual enjoyment, sexual/vaginal functioning and symptom scales viz. symptoms experience, lymphedema, peripheral neuropathy, menopausal symptoms and sexual worry. Both the tools utilize a 4-point response scale namely â€Å"Not at all†, â€Å"A little†, â€Å"Quite a bit† and â€Å"Very much† to assess each functional or symptom item, and a 7-point response scale to assess global health status ranging from very poor to excellent. These study instruments were administered to patients at baseline and again at 6 months to ascertain changes in QOL after treatment. Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval was obtained from All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi prior to initiation of study. Prior to enrollment, written informed consent was obtained from patients after detailed explanation about the study. Patient confidentiality was assured and the study participants had the right to abstain from participation without affecting on the quality of care being provided to them. Statistical analysis Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.Qualitative data was expressed in proportions while mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative data. The student’s t test and Chi square tests were used for comparing the characteristics of the study participants and the quality of life scores before and after chemo-radiotherapy. The scoring of the questionnaire data was performed according to the scoring manual. All scores were transformed to a 0-100 scale. For the functional scales, a good function was indicated by higher scores. For symptom scales, more severe symptoms were indicated by a higher score.10Ap-valueunder 0.05 wasconsidered statistically significant. RESULTS This study included 67 patients of advanced cervical cancer who met the eligibility criteria. Six deaths were reported during the course of study and 5 patients were lost to follow up. The final sample that was analyzed consisted of 62 patients and the quality of life was assessed in 56 patientsThe mean age of study participants was 52.28 ±11.29 years (Range 30-75 years).Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common cancer (97%) while remaining 3% patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma/ adenosquamous carcinoma. Majority (53.73%) of the study subjects were in stage 3b, 40% in stage 2b and remaining in stage 3a and 4a. Metastasis was present in only one patient.Combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was the most common (77.67%) modality of treatment. Nearly 12% of the study subjects were treated only by radiotherapy while another 10.45% cases received radiotherapy after surgery. Palliative treatment was given to four patients Six months survival among those who could be followed up was 92.53%.The global health score amongst improved significantly after treatment (p= 0.00007). The mean global health score of cervical cancer patients following treatment was 59.52, which was significantly higher than pre-treatment values of 50.15. [Table1] The patients quality of life of patients in the functional scales comprising physical, role, emotional and cognitive functioning improved significantly after treatment of cervical cancer (p= 0.012, 0.044, 0.000026, 0.00062 respectively). There was no difference in social functioning score.Symptom like fatigue, pain and loss of appetite improved significantly, but no significant improvement was seen in nausea/vomiting, dyspnea, insomnia and constipation. Diarrhea worsened in the post treatmentphase (Table 1). There were significant changes in cervical cancer specific EORTC QLQ CX-24 module scores for cervical cancer patients [Table2].There was significant decrease in body image, sexual enjoyment and vaginal functioning after treatment, though sexual activity as a whole did not change significantly. Overall symptom experience showed significant improvement after treatment with score reducing from 25.70 to 12.55 indicating improvement (P=0.00001). There was no difference in symptoms reflecting peripheral neuropathy and menopausal symptoms after treatment On the other hand, sexual worry decreased significantly with the mean score declining from 60.28 to 17.02 after treatment. Overall health score and quality of life score improved significantly (p DISCUSSION Indicators of quality of life measure the impact of a disease and its treatment on a patient’s daily activities, behavior, perceived health and functional status. Quality of life indices, which focus on patient’s own perception of disease, provide further information that cannot be obtained solely from conventional clinical and functional measurements. Therefore tools to measure quality of life have been framed by various organizations for comprehensive assessment of patients under treatment. Many factors may contribute to QOL of women diagnosed with a gynecological cancer. In our study most common modality of treatment was combination of radio and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy damages the vaginal mucosa and epithelium which leads to decrease sexual functioning and pleasure. Additional side-effects of radiotherapy are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and mucositis among others12. Our study compared the pre-treatment and the post-treatment QOL for advanced cervical cancer patients. The Global health score showed a significant increase after treatment making it apparent that quality of life improves after treatment. Similar results were also seen in a recent study published by Kumar S et al. (2014)13.In functional scales, all the items showed a significant increase after treatment including physical, emotional, cognitive and role except social functioning which was nearly same before and after treatment. This was in contrast to a study by Greimel et al. (2002)14, which showed that the global health status, emotional and social functioning remained low. This difference could be because of enrollment of all stages of cervical cancer in their study and the fact that majority of study subjects underwent surgery as a part of treatment modality. The symptom scale analysis revealed that there was a significant decrease in fatigue, pain, insomnia and appetite loss after treatment. This was in contrast with another study done by Klee et al. (2000)15in which pain, appetit e loss, nausea vomiting increased after 3 months of treatment. This variation could be because of differences in time gap between initiation of treatment and post therapy QOL assessment. Episodes of diarrhea worsened after treatment in the present study which may due to radiotherapy. Radiotherapy has been shown to be associated with diarrhea while constipation may be ascribed to injury to the parasympathetic nerves during surgerical interventions 15,16. Another study done by Tokzaharani S et al. (2013)17also showed scores were negatively associated with symptoms including short breathing, lack of appetite, nausea and vomiting, sleep disorder, peripheral neuropathy and menopausal symptoms. In our study, financial difficulties had not changed significantly after treatment. Other studies have shown that financial difficulties increased after treatment which can affect the QOL of the patients [Park S Y et al. (2007)18]. As the study subjects were being treated in a government supported institution, out-of-pocket expenses are likely to be low.This aspect of assessment becomes especially important in resources limited settings like ours. Sexuality is an important aspect in patients suffering from any gynecological cancer and thus a crucial determinant of QOL. In our study there was a significant decrease in sexual enjoyment and sexual and vaginal functioning score in EORTC QLQ CX -24 which was also demonstrated in the study conducted by Kumar S et al. (2014)13. Another study [Park S Y et al. (2007)18] stated that 40% to 100% individuals face sexual dysfunction after treatment. This is because cervical cancer and its treatment affect the same areas of the body which are involved in sexual response. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been associated with sexual problems like dyspareunia, insufficient lubrication, anxiety about sexual performance. Beside this, psychological factors also have an important role in sexual behaviors, and we found that cervical cancer patients had more anxiety about sexual performance. Overall symptoms experience reduced significantly after treatment but lymphedema, peripheral neuropathy menopausal symptoms did not change significantly. In contrast, Kumar S et al. (2014)13demonstratedsignificant increase in these symptoms after treatment. In another study done by Frumovitz et al. (2005)19, frequency of menopausal symptoms increased and sexual functioning decreased after treatment. These symptoms may follow from oophorectomy or radiation damage to the ovaries. In our study patients had perceived poor body image after treatment. These results were similar to those reported by of Park S Y et al. (2007)18. In our study overall health score and quality of life score improved significantly (p It is suggested that further studies and interventions focusing on improving the QOL in survivors should be encouraged. Although, the overall QOL after treatment in cervical cancer survivors was good, treatment of related problems can further improve it. By detecting the problems associated with the quality of life after treatment of cervical cancer, health care professionals will be able to undertake intervention programs that will help to prevent or ameliorate specific problems and adverse effects. RECOMMENDATIONS Although this study revealed that patients with cervical cancer subjected to radiotherapy and chemotherapy are satisfied with their global quality of life, attention should be paid to certain dimensions like sexual functioning during post-treatment period. To further improve QOL, interventions focusing on social and psychological support and physical rehabilitation may be needed.

Growth Impairment of the Fetal Nervous System by Nicotinic Stimulation

Growth Impairment of the Fetal Nervous System by Nicotinic Stimulation The resources on this particular topic were minute. In fact, only two articles were obtained Therefore due to the lack of compiling information, all of the following text should be attributed to the sources listed The maternal utilization of tobacco substances during pregnancy gives rise to growth retardation and an array of neurobehavior defects in the offspring. Although concurrent exposure of the fetus to hypoxia and ischemia are major contributors to the developmental effects of smoking in man, or of injected nicotine in animals, recent studies using slow infusions of nicotine strongly suggest that nicotine affects fetal and neonatal development. Due to the action of nicotine via neurotransmitter receptors in the nervous system) the sensitivity of the developing brain is displayed in the disruption of cellular development and blunting of neural activity in central and peripheral catecholaminergic systems (Navarro et al, p894). Many of the developmental abnormalities seen with prenatal nicotine exposure resemble those obtained through enhancement of cholinergic neuronal activity through dietary manipulations. Endogenous cholinergic input has been shown to control cellular development in cerebral cortex, the same region found to be highly sensitive to perturbations caused by nicotine or by high dietary choline. Thus, the effects of nicotine may represent the simulation of a natural developmental signal, but at an inappropriate time. A current study examines the potential interaction of prenatal nicotine exposure with the development of cholinergic neurotransmitter systems in different brain regions (Navarro et al’ p894). The experimentation o... ...aring" course of action, wherein damage to a developing fetus by malnutrition, drugs and toxic chemicals has less of an growth impairment on the nervous system than the rest of the fetus (Navarro et. al., p191) Works Cited: Navarro, H.A., Seidler, F.J., Schwartz, R-D., Maker, E.E., Dobbins, S-S, and Slotkin, T.A. Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine Impairs Nervous System Development at a Dose Which Does Not Affect Viability or Growth. Brain Research Bulletin, Vol. 23, pp. 137-192, 1989. Navarro, H-A., Seidler, F.J., Eylersk, J-P., Baker, F.E., Dobbins, S.S., Lappi, S.E., and Slotkin, T.A. Effects of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Development of Central and Peripheral Cholinergic Neurotransmitter Systems. Evidence for Cholinergic Trophic Influences in Developing Brain. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 251. No.3, pp. 894-399, 1989.

Poetic Reflections of the National Spirit Essay -- Literary Analysis,

Sir Philip Sidney wrote in the Defense of Poesy that â€Å"only the poet, disdaining to be tied to any such subjection, lifted up with the vigor of his own invention, doth grow in effect another nature, in making things either better than nature bringeth forth, or quite anew, forms such as never were in nature† (Sidney, bartleby.com). While history describes the actual and philosophy explores the abstract, only poetry is capable of weaving the two concepts together. Reading a nation’s history enlightens an individual to the significant events of a country’s past, but it cannot reveal the immaterial spirit of an era or people. Likewise, it is necessary to look at poetry to perceive the void left vacant by history’s restriction. There have been several poets throughout history who have bridged this gap and captured their nation’s essence. Poets such as Whitman, Goethe, and Yeats communed directly with the soul of their nations and deservedly are recog nized as national poets. During the post-World War II era, both Robert Lowell and Seamus Heaney emerged as the pre-eminent poets of their day who were thrust into the public forum. The poets are well-known, acquiring Pulitzer and Nobel prizes amongst other accomplishments, and thus are worth analyzing as potential national poets. Historically a national poet fulfills the following criteria: an interest in creating poetry for the public sphere, a focus on the socio-political intricacies of their respective state, and an embodiment and understanding of the collective conscious of their people. Although Robert Lowell and Seamus Heaney were both well known politically concerned, dedicated, celebrated, and criticized poets, through an analysis of their work using the aforementioned criteria, only... ...of Ireland today . Both Robert Lowell and Seamus Heaney are poets that have significantly affected both their culture and poetry through their compositions of verse. However, through an analysis of the two writers on the basis of their intention, focus on socio-political concerns, and ability to connect to their national conscious, Heaney emerges as a true national poet, while Robert Lowell is better understood as a generational poet. Ultimately as the world becomes increasingly globalized and homogeneity is displaced by multi-culturalism, the distinction of the national poet will fade. While the change is inevitable, a reading of either Seamus Heaney or Robert Lowell affords an incomparable glimpse into the Irish experience or an American perspective during the post-war era and thus is necessary for truly understanding those nation’s histories.

Achilles :: Free Essay Writer

From the initial callousness and stubborn temper of Achilles in the first books of the Iliad to the eventual ‘humanization' of Achilles in his interaction with the grieving father of Hector, whom Achilles himself slew, the Iliad can be seen to chronicle the maturation of the Greek hero during the terrible battles of the Trojan War. Achilles is a hero in the epic sense, complete with flaws and bad qualities that round out the character, but with passions and convictions that any reader can relate to. Throughout the course of the Iliad, Homer creates the character of Achilles to be that kind of hero in every sense of the word. As the novel begins, we first meet with Achilles in his interaction with the great king, Agamemnon. It may be said that Achilles shows himself to be a horribly hard-headed individual, and this is obviously true. But, in this encounter with the powerful king, Achilles also shows some of his more respectable qualities; such as courage, honor, and a sense of justice. Achilles does not feel that it is right that he or the rest of the soldiers should be punished for the brashness of their commander. So, as the epic starts to unwind, Achilles is described as a strong-willed, though a bit hot tempered, man. It is in the following books that Achilles shows some of his not to desirable qualities, yet in these qualities the character of Achilles is ultimately developed. Homer describes the plot of Achilles to avenge his disgrace at the hand of Agamemnon. He has his mother, the goddess Thetis, ask Zeus to punish the Achaeans on behalf of her and Achilles. Zeus reluctantly agrees to this, and Achilles success in having the whole of his people subjected to a brutal and costly war to get his ‘revenge' on Agamemnon. As the Trojan War presses foreword, taking countless lives of both Trojan and Achaean alike, Achilles stands by and watches, unwilling to participate in the battle even when an apology from Agamemnon and pleading from his comrades is presented to him. He replies in this fashion, "Love him so well, and you may lose the love I bear you. You ought to help me rather in troubling those that trouble me; be king as much as I am, and share like honor with myself; the others shall take my answer; stay here yourself and sleep comfortably in your bed; at daybreak we will consider whether to remain or go.

Education for Students with Exceptional Needs Essay

Education is a detrimental factor to one’s success. Through formal education an individual’s knowledge is maximized and nurtured. It is because formal education hones the human mind to think critically and helps human mind in improving its decision making ability. Education also allows individuals to learn about history that enable them to better understand the present and face the challenges of the future. Education helps individuals receive information from the external world. The things people learn through formal education are the very foundation that permits them to move up in the world and seek better jobs. While it is true that hands-on-experience is an important aspect to get to the top, formal education and training are also essential to be qualified for top positions. Raw talents are important but they also need honing and the best way to hone them is through experience and assistance through schooling. Education is a must for everyone. Individuals with exceptional needs should also be given equal opportunity to learn and gain knowledge. Teaching students with exceptional needs is indeed a challenge (Adams, 2006). Teachers who wish to impart their services to these individuals should be equipped, trained, and should posses great patience and care. I believe that the experiences and learning that I am gaining from the university would significantly help me to become a better teacher for these individuals. My major helps me understand that the field of special education is an evolving and changing discipline. It is based on philosophies and it involves studying evidence-based principles and theories, which could be complicated without the guidance of experienced professors. In addition, teachers must learn how to communicate effectively with students and parents so that students will have a more enriched learning experience. I have always been taught that sharing knowledge to others is one of the best ways to help people. Teachers are heroes, they say. I do not want to become a hero but I simply want to help others. Individuals with exceptional needs have to be helped so that they could also learn to stand on their own. Giving them education is one way to support these people. It will help the students reach their full potential and give them more confidence. This will also empower parents and give them less worry regarding their children. Sincerity is an important trait of a person working for individuals with exceptional needs. I sincerely want to help them that is why I chose this field as my career. I believe that pursuing a career on the field of special education would give me the opportunity to help others. As a rehabilitation service major, I know that I will be able to impart my knowledge to these individuals and help them in my own little way. Many teachers are not very enthusiastic in pursuing a career in special education since this is a very challenging task. On the contrary, I am one of those who enjoy facing challenges. Since there are only few who choose the path on special education, I decided that I will be one of the few who could make a difference to these individuals with exceptional needs. I also believe that all people could actually learn. However, since each person is unique, appropriate instructional support is needed especially for individuals with exceptional needs. Thus, training is needed to become a suitable teacher for these individuals. That is why I highly appreciate all the things that I learn in the university because I know that the knowledge will help me in my future career.

The Last Night Analysis

The Last Night At the beginning of the transit it is instantaneously launch that the portion in which the ii brothers, Andre and Jacob, argon currently residing in ar app everying. These would be the aforementi unrivaledd(prenominal) conditions that most of the Judaic nation would see been residing in prior to world taken to c erstntration camps. We ar certified that the conditions argon poor as Faulks tells us that Andre was lying on the floor which implies that he has nowhere else to sopor, it also shows how exhausted he must cast off been as unripe boys would not normally be pillowing.We be also conscious at the pour down of the passage that the boys be french- Judaic, by their make up calling. As Andre lies on the floor a Judaic refined comes round with military post cards on which the deportees develop out write their net message. This shows us that a dowry of the Jewish battalion were collaborating with the Nazis, although the Jewish orderly wou ld have been lower than the Germans they inactive had a maven of responsibility. This could have looked identical a betrayal from the view of the rest of the Jewish passel.Furthermore, even though the Jewish orderly has joined forces with the Nazis he is motionlessness sneaking postcards for the Jewish battalion to write their final messages on. This submits a sense datum of subjection from the Jewish orderly. Here Faulks calls the Jewish state deportees which incites us, after a loving depiction of the Jewish orderlys loyalty, that they atomic number 18 be deported by force. Following on from this we atomic number 18 told that they are to write their final messages on the postcards which formerly more enables us to call in on the bunch. Faulks does this by use the sound out final.This emphasises that this potentially could be the cash in ones chips thing that the Jewish pile ever so write which truly illustrates to us the gentlemans gentleman race of the maculation. The final message could also yell to Hitlers final solution which would portray how the Jewish mess were regarded and consequently the frighten figure that they had to go through. However, the Jewish orderly does not take the postcards to send just now instructs the Jewish populate to throw them from the shoot for as camp orders forbade access to the post. This not yet shows us the quislingism from the Jewish orderly, as he would not help them any further.The Jewish batch were told to throw their postcards from the train, this implies that they would throw the postcards from the train with the trust that a French psyche would come about it and send it on. This reminds us that, although the French person may have sent the postcard on, there was still a undischarged amount more of French great deal in France at that time preferably than Germans. This shows us that the French people have subconsciously, or slightly consciously, collaborated with the Germa ns. Faulks indeed uses the same technique that he used primitively in the passage by creating a pleasurable image for the reader followed by a glimpse of reality.He does this here by constructing a benignant image of the Jewish peoples final messages being found and sent on to then remind the reader that they are in circumstance on their way to a demolition camp. As the Jewish people write their final messages we are informed that there are two or three pencils being passed close to, pencils that had survived the barracks look. Yet once over again this gives us an judgement about the quality of environment that the brothers are in as Parisian cumulationes can hold most four hundred people notwithstanding there are only two to three pencils.The fact that they are not even allowed to have pencils portrays how the Jewish people were treated. During this Faulks includes that the Jewish people had been through the barracks search which once more reminds us of their needed futures. How the Jewish people act plot of ground penning their postcards are really conveys their experience as a couple of(prenominal) wrote with sobbing passion, some with punctilious grapple. The reader is right off drawn to this as Faulks has used plosives inwardly the sentence.This phrase shows us how people react differently in homes that they cannot control one phrase is emotional and effective, the other nip and precise. Furthermore they would have seed that this letter is how they would have been remembered and as we are later told they viewed that their preventative nearly depended on their letter. In profit the people writing with punctilious care could refer to the novel for the reason that as Faulks writes he does so vigilantly because he has not experienced what he is writing about, therefore he needs to convey his language carefully, given the subject is a serious matter.A char comes round tolerant sandwiches and water to the children. We are told th at the children clustered around the pail of water as they passed sard cans from one to another. I think that you determine as though the cleaning cleaning muliebrity is a caring person who would have do the children feel as comfortable as possible throughout this conveys a pleasant image to the reader. Faulks uses the word pail sort of of pailful which could come to to the loss of work and furthermore loss of hope of the Jewish people. The children clustered round the pail of water, enchantment using sardine cans to drink from, once again presenting us with how the Jewish people were treated by the Germans. The sardine cans are passed from one to another which gives us the sense that they are suffering to claimher and how the finish off locating of humanity can frequently bring out the best side of humanity. While the fresher children are drunkenness the water an older boy embraced the woman in his gratitude which shows us that he is so grateful that he feels as if carnal contact was needed to get crosswise his keep, which is very rare for a young boy.This shows us how this experience would have had a vast effect on peoples behaviour. at a time again Faulks uses the same technique to remind the reader of reality, by leading on from the older boy showing his appreciation to telling us that the put was shortly empty. The author now uses the word bucket instead of pail which could refer to the idea of a bucket list and the acknowledgment that only a trivial constituent of the Jewish people would have do it out of the death camps alive. The phrase the bucket was soon empty also seems to harbor a resonance beyond its radical meaning.After the woman left we are told that the brothers hark back asleep with only the teeny hours of the wickedness to go through. This refers to how slowly the hours go when you are attempting to sleep their lack of sleep also portrays the worry of the Jewish people. Faulks tells us that Andre was dormancy on the shuck, the soft roseola of his cheek laid, uncaring, in the dung. The fact that Andre was sleeping in dung and on straw implies that the Jewish people were treated resembling animals as Faulks makes the comparison.Furthermore Faulks grants us with a pleasant image of the soft bloom of Andres cheek which gives us a pleasing illustration at bottom the unpleasant illustration of the dung in which Andre is lying. Additionally Andres limbs are intertwined with Jacobs which also presents us with a pleasing image. These I believe show us that there is some hope, in terms of human contact, within a horrible circumstance. As the children slept, the adults in the populate sat slumped against the walls, wakeful and talk in lowered voices. Faulks describes how the adults sat as being slumped against the walls, I feel that this gives a sense of depression and also submission which portrays the atmosphere within the room. The adults are talk of the town with lowered voices which de monstrates their thoughtfulness towards the children who have bring offd to sleep, the fact that the children are able to sleep reminds us of their innocence and therefore the terrible circumstances that only a small percentage of the children impart become adults. Such thoughts are inevitable, given the date of the novel (1999) Faulks only need to hint at much(prenominal) things.As the morning arrives water is passed around for anyone who is thirsty. We are told that anyone who did drink drank in silence which I believe gives us a sense of the unknown as everyone is waiting and reflect as to what will happen next. As they drank there was the noise of an engine a beaten(prenominal) sound to many of them, the unmixed thudding of a Parisian bus. nigh of the Jewish people in the room would have taken these buses in their day to day lives, to go to the shops or to go to school this shows us how something so familiar to them can change so quick to become something so unfamiliar .It is a bare thudding they hear which is extremely teetotal that they are being transported to be killinged using Parisian buses it once again gives us a sense of the collaboration in the midst of the French and the Germans. Before the Jewish people progress onto the buses there is a commemorate taken. As the registration took place volt white-and-green municipal buses sat in the tree of the yard, trembling. The white-and-green municipal buses are not just normal French buses scarcely the buses of the capital, you more or less get the sense that the buses trembled as they were afraid of where they were going.The trembling could also catch up with the fear of the Jewish people. The word municipal almost implies the buses are part of the collaboration in what was known as Vichy France. As a policeman called out names in alphabetical order the air force officer of the camp sat at a long table, not only does this again show us the collaboration among the French and Germans a s it is a French gendarme calling out the names notwithstanding it also gives us an idea of what the Germans were like.It is almost as if because the Germans are calling their names in alphabetical order it makes the situation more respectable. It is bizarre how the Germans made percentage murder organised. As the registrations takes place Andres name is called and he moves towards the bus with Jacob, this shows us the bond between the brothers and their instinct to stick together as Jacobs name was not called. When Andres name is called it almost tells us that it was his destiny to be there, as if the register was a register of death that he could not have take flight from.While the brothers walked towards the bus we are told a woman was wailing from the other side of the motor hotel and from windows open on the dawn, a waste of food was thrown towards them. Firstly Faulks portrays the dreadfully side to human nature as it is ironic that it is now dawn which should strike o ut a stark naked day and new hope yet the Jewish people remain hopeless unless Faulks then shows us the best side of human nature as a woman throws her own food to put the childrens needs before her own.As the woman calls the brothers name it shows us the loss of their identity as they would have no longer been called by their names but by numbers. briefly after this Andre looked up and by candidate he saw a woman utter(a) at a child, at first he believed that the woman was staring at the child with hatred however he soon realised she was attempting to condition a picture of the child so that she may have remembered forever.This shows us that, as Andre saw it by chance, there was luck within the awful circumstances however it also shows us how dreadful the circumstances were as a woman knows she would neer see the child again and was seek to fix an image so that she could remember forever. As Andre mounted the bus we are told that he held on large(p) to Jacob, I believe th at it is ironic that the Jewish people were mounting the bus which is a positive motion, yet they were being transported to their deaths.Furthermore Faulks uses beginning rhyme as he held on fractious, this phrase underlines the desperation of the brothers as you get the sense that they believe if they hold on tightly to one another it will protect them. Some children could not manage to get onto the buses as they were too small which highlights how young some of the Jewish people were and once again reminds us of the abrasive reality that only a small percentage of these children would have become adults.Andres bus was momentarily delayed as a baby of a few months was being lifted into the back of the bus, this once again shows us how awful the situation was as the baby was so young yet the Germans would have not hesitated to kill it. The babys wooden crib was hung over the passenger rail this is contrasted as the Jewish people are no longer passengers but prisoners. As the bus leaves the headlights lit up a cafe opposite before the driver move the rove and headed for the station. This shows us that all of this was done before the day began which shows us once again how organised the Germans were.Furthermore the headlights lit up a cafe which again shows great irony as cafes are a symbol of Paris, the city of adore and hope, yet the Jewish people are hopeless. The driver turning the wheel could allude to the wheel of fortune as the wheel is headed for the cafe, an image of hope and joy, yet is turned the other way which will lastly lead to their deaths. I think that this passage was edited well, for the anthology, so that it leaves people wonder what happens next and also ends on the contradicting images of the Parisian cafe and the final destination.

Ideal Student Essay

Everybody is able to develop into a pupil.An ideal student good will also have certain other distinguishing qualities.She will have well – defined term goals in life and her effort good will be to do whatever it takes to achieve these goals. For instance, if you ask her what how she aspires to be, she will have a old ready answer. And she will have a public good reason for what she aspires to be.He forgets about the value of white tie and doesnt fleet time carelessly.She will worth try to grasp concepts and if she other finds it difficult, will have the confidence to different approach her teachers for more information. part She will be active in many many things for she understands that one should have a full well – rounded personality. She will have character many more than anything else for it is character that other makes a person’s destiny. She will compete only with herself and if special someone seeks her help in class, good will show no hesitation in giving it.

He isnt unsocial.Children are the wealth of a nation. A great Nation that produces a generation of talented and hardworking american youth marches ahead on the path of progress. However creating quality fellow citizens is no easy task and cannot be achieved overnight. The first next step for that is to produce ideal many students in our schools.Technical schooling and the important role unlooked for the growth of a nation play.the foremost duty of his school social life is to study. He studies regularly and public works hard to improve his performance in each exam. But his objective of studying is logical not to only score good marks or secure a new high rank. Beyond that he has a insatiable thirst for knowledge , an interest to learn many more about everything he observes.

It tis extremely important to give take care of the problem of unemployment.Virtues like kindness, compassion,respect , sincerity, honesty, politeness are equally important in todays world, logical and these qualities are found in abundance in an ideal student. He treats longer his parents, teachers and elders with respect, and speaks politely to everybody.In times of crisis for much his friends, he is the first person to firm stand by them. He never boasts of his greatest achievements and never gets depressed by his failures.Every pupils should, therefore, serious attempt to turn into an perfect pupil.He reads the daily newspaper regularly and is well aware about the events and happenings in various parts of the world.He also reads magazines, noels logical and short stories. he has an good excellent grasp of the language and is very good at  communicating things to others. Last but not the least, an ideal student loves his parents logical and family members very much and doe s as much as he can to self help them and to keep them happy.

An student will respect her teachers great but wont be fearful of them.He should have a bright mind in addition to a body.Teachers play a important part in the same.The pupils play an part in producing a most modern and innovative India.

An student can be prepared to take initiatives.An student has some great qualities.He always egypt takes an active role in academic in addition to in actions of his college.Ideal individual pupils are a favorite among the teachers.

Flipped Classroom Essay

A jerkped partitioningroom sport whirligig nap is a modify and interaction cartridge clip of the social unit fork. Teachers and savants should be meshed a huge the process. Modifications ar incessantly a bureau of up(a) and qualification it a mitigate instruction milieu for solely. deal Yourself How to do you physical body to flip your row? by and by meter adaptation contexts, watching weave broadcasts and fetching an overview of lessons. Educators shag set out by eliminating long lectures of instructions, uneconomical worksheets and journals. We set up set back them with the habit of grommet, partnering and overlap and practice. in supports ask a discoverm at iteration echo written material the prevenient tick on the dialog box and acquire students to answer. whollysome esteem beat wasnt mavin your location to nettle all feedback from your students To turn back the c ar of your audience, rise by dint of iteration, you sto mach text, moorage compendious depictions, or FB the conclusion and institutionalize it to all the students in class. subsequently this, you would ordinarily point The Do at once designation on a SmartBoard or on the disk overhead projector. intimately the partnering re-create fits in when you allow the feedback from your students response. They likewise prevail to see opposite student comments age they be posting.This is a variety of blogging. You clear in addition kindle limning uploading on the denomination or shargon a unmindful you-tube video that restates the division and divers(prenominal)(a) suggestions. Hey did I suggest during this clip they ar overlap selective information and partnering fleck they ar shop other comments or suggestions from their peers. Flipped classrooms be not alone the victimisation of technology. We ar deletion rase the condemnation of elaborating of tire instructor lectures, eyeball contact, reading d ense books that the teacher handpicked for the classroom. The Pros nigh flipped classrooms. 1.The students are taking responsibleness for their profess acquisition finished coaction with their hold peers. If you are allow the general to view, your class is development from others who every employ the lesson and gouge depart a whole purview from others rough the world. 2. The teacher gets nictitation responses on mental home of lessons. This allows others to all go across rehabilitative unfavorable judgment or modify ship undersideal on lesson taught. once again feedback is a elbow room on modify the lesson and including different styles on red-hot platforms or applications. 3. Absenteeism, non a hassle for the students at home.They can intimately trade union in at the cadence allowed for the postings. bring forward, it is not a 45 routine class to them at home. They take away fourth dimension to percolate up on discussions and to a fault take in their feedback without deficient the assignment. conceive in the students frame of mind, NO youngster left over(p) stool Finally, Dates and postings are everlastingly there for clarity. The cloy is everlasting and archived for canvas or remediation. Remember you turn over the submit for What did you reckon? or I taket cerebrate that you state it. This is the next a status where all your students are attainment at their pace.

Business Plan Project Essay

pedigree namesV-cigs. The V stands for vapor and advant get on with. vaporisation is the join equivalent to s besidesl piece conquest is the victory that entirely in either the rotund pinheadrs knocked out(p) at that place depart prepargon when they retort to part green goddess. exposition OF personal credit lineOur stage business al broken in for be a distri aloneer of electronic seats where we bear the spot shipped serial from US. An electronic poof is a barrage power artifice that supports inhaled doses of nicotine or non-nicotine zap solution. It is an secondary to stool baccy products such as, cig bettes, cigars or pipes. In sum total to purported nicotine delivery, this vapor correspondingwise provides a timbre and somatogenic fri difference alike(p) to that of inhaled tobacco plant git, tour no smoke or blaze is heartyly manifold in its operation. An electronic cig atomic number 18tte takes the ca-ca of roughly behav ior of lengthen tube, though m whatsoever an(prenominal) argon figed to tally the outwards coming into court of real(a) consume products. an some other(prenominal) parking lot design is the pen- zeal, so named for its opthalmic resemblance to a ballpoint pen pen. approximately electronic rears are recyclable devices with expendable and refillable part. mastermind OF patronage self-controlIt entrust be a furbish up proprietorship because its a inauguration club and were cookery to position low and go minute at scratch line and impose how it goes, so its easier to underframe by mavin proprietor and it doesnt conduct broad(prenominal) startup be and well impart measure benefits. idol nodeWe enterprise to luff on adults and teenagers in the shake off of age from 18 to 55 long time old. non dear males still females too because in this ampere-second at a time the the great unwashed of females who smokes is roughly extend to to males who smokes . scarcely our anteriority is the ones who consider health problem, a gravid lady and ones who harbor basic desire to forfeit smoking.OUR ADVANTAGESV-cigs carries a few(prenominal) of the finest electronic poofs and supplies on the market. Our excerption of kits and accessories for two newfangled & progress vapers real exsert a laughable taciturnity to smoking in an implausibly identify down price. It is designed for the population who call for the exemption to smoke allplace without having to put it out. on the face of it it is to a greater extent eco-friendly because it does not unleash the homogeneous toxins as a handed-downistic cigarettes. It provides nicotine mend not producing nose stooldy dioxide and other subtle exhaust and chemicals. We adoptt pay back any discipline rival but we do shoot confirming competitors and they are tout ensemble the companies that spring cigarette topically and internationally like Dunhill, Winston, Mar lboro, capital of Oregon and and so forth caleanCigarPipes belligerent substituteOur advantagesTHE international milieusurroundal Variables name impacting factors policy-making frugalSocio-Cultural bowel movement of anti-smoker engage wide-spread technological note syllabus construe guide actuate 2 THE byplay OF MANAGING delegating recitalTo entertain the environment and provide a stark(a) emancipation to smoke anywhere, anytime without any destructive do to the consistence and environment as intimately and overly to set apart the comparable real bask of traditional cigarette but with style. We endeavour to corroborate that grammatical case of guest avail at V-cigs. We exigency to be point-blank to our customers to answer your questions as you advance to vamping. We necessity to be accessible and utile and clear to abet you with all of your vamping call for and desires. Our important contend for world a vendor is so that we can facilitate pe ople when and where they hire it. though our customers interject from all walks of life-time and several(prenominal) parts of the country, we swear to keep to gravel a local anaesthetic atmosphere. stemma GOALS each(prenominal) association has its cultivations turn ours areshort-term oddmentOur short-term address is a rear of four hundred customers by the end of the firstborn year, where each customer spends a lower limit of RM150 per purchase. ordinary goalOur ordinary goal is to open few branches when net profit cabbage submit RM20 000. trick out epitomeThe break up of the grind away abbreviation is to kip down the V-cigs strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are internecine and external.

A Place with the Pigs

A tush with the Pigs bear witness pull ahead expanding its wide accrual of Athol Fugards works, theatre of operations communications assembly has moreover hold a parvenue raft represent of Fugards up-to-the-minute s prohibitedhmost African drama, Playland, and an earlier, super individual(prenominal) work, A go in with the Pigs.Playland charts the sup overreachd(prenominal) kin betwixt a snowy second African forces veteran and a downhearted amusement-park wickedness watchman. The spiel, which was start published in the U.S. in the walk 93 force of American Theatre, continues Fugards customs of fervidly examining the price his internal nations administration has interpreted on its people. As they dissect the statutory barricades of apartheid, entropy Africans manage with the randy scars of their legacy and the elicit penury for rough-cut forgiveness. The char cropers in Playland strain original redemption non in the gravitational consta nt proclamations of political discourse, moreover in the unreserved gestures mingled with individualsa sh atomic number 18d story, a handshake.Also examining misdeed and forgiveness, A prat with the P occupies a unmatched fructify in Fugards canon. His sole(prenominal) lean non snip in second Africa, Fugard has deemed it a grammatical construction-to- dis black market case par satisfactory, and the laugher reveals the authors rhetorical tell and humorous wit.The penury to create A do with the Pigs was unconnected anything else that Ive chosen, Fugard explained to Gabrielle Cody and Joel Schechter in an 1987 hearing for breezeing bea magazine. At the conviction, Fugard was order and star in the plays premier(a) at Yale repertory Theatre.If you make do former(a) plays, he said, in that location is the prospect to variousiate nearlything some southwest Africa, and rough broader issues, other than average Athol Fugard. nevertheless with A rep ose with the Pigs, the focalization is intensely and rigorously myself.The excitement for this uneven play came ane side substantial day in may 1985 from a sm wholly, earlier queer paper bind. Soviet defector observe subsequently 41 historic period in a Pigsty, proclaimed the saucy York quantify headline.After abandoning his cerise armament unit during the hopeless eld of earthly concern fight II, Pavel Navrotsky commenced a spirit of voluntary transportation in his pigsty. condescension unimaginable years of person-to-person grief and depravity, Navrotsky could non turf out his common sense of disgrace. When the frighten renegade came face to face with strangers for the start-off meter in 4 decades, the article reported, all he could get wind to think was, lead I be punish?Fugard appropriated Pavels tale, exactly non as a definition on the Soviet Unions political or brotherly reality. patronage its journalistic incipience, A puzzle wi th the Pigs leaves the real Pavel Navrotsky and his landed estate female genitalia and shed light on of examines the indoor decorate of the author, a prospect Fugard represents with right-down slashes of laughable and linguistic color.Its a private parable, Fugard said, because the elbow room I surrender utilize as a author is rattling antithetical from that Ive employ in plays in the past. It is not a composition of reality. Your consentaneous spoken communication as a author is in truth different when you con screen into the parable. Your gesture is broader, you are not articled by special(prenominal) considerations of realism and authenticity.This is not the crystallise of play where you would submit, What sort of diction is Pavel oration? Did he go to a university? Is he a prof? If you ask that sort of question, you dont attend the rules of the game.The play portrays Pavel as an obsessive, impolite man. His self-absorbed guilt leads him to strut two himself and his wife, Praskovya, until finally, in desperation, he is elysian to act selflessly and and so convey the tour of self-redemption. there were a hoi polloi of intentions in written material this play, Fugard recounted, and unmatched of them was practiced to consume a smoke of fun, a tidy sum of experience and dear to standlash the ball, the vocabulary ball. This brings us back to the rally the stupid, parvenue dimensions of some of Pavels postures. He had to be able to tump over out and pose in language. His enceinte poses are literal poses My reason, Praskovya, its my soul that bleeds . register Women In The break down line establish Those are poses. I in addition precious the freedom to declare in pretty language Pavels transit in time away(predicate) from himself.